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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Sterile Pericarditis in Aachener Minipigs As a Model for Atrial Myopathy and Atrial Fibrillation
08:56

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Metformin Protects Against Persistent Atrial Fibrillation in an Equine Model.

Simon Libak Haugaard1, Mélodie J Schneider1, Sofie Troest Kjeldsen1

  • 1Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark (S.L.H., M.J.S., S.T.K., J.N.S., H.C., C.H.-I., S.D.N., R. Buhl).

Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology
|December 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Metformin protected horses against atrial fibrillation (AF) progression by reducing atrial remodeling and substrate complexity. This study highlights metformin

Keywords:
animalatrial remodelingelectrophysiologyhorsesmetforminmodels

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Animal Models of Disease
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Atrial fibrillation (AF) treatment success is limited by AF-induced atrial remodeling.
  • Horses serve as a valuable large animal model for studying AF.
  • Metformin's potential to reduce AF risk and atrial remodeling requires investigation in a high-fidelity model.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of metformin on AF-induced atrial remodeling in a longitudinal horse model.
  • To characterize electrical, molecular, and metabolic changes in the atria over 4 months of AF.
  • To evaluate metformin's impact on disease progression and treatment response.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal horse model of tachypacing-induced self-sustained AF was utilized.
  • Horses received metformin (30 mg/kg orally, twice daily) before AF induction.
  • Electrophysiological, multiomic, histological, echocardiographic, biochemical, and mitochondrial analyses were performed.

Main Results:

  • The horse model successfully replicated human AF-induced atrial remodeling.
  • Metformin treatment protected against early AF stabilization and reduced right atrial substrate complexity.
  • Protective effects were linked to increased AMPK activity, altered metabolic pathways, and modulated ion-channel gene expression.

Conclusions:

  • Metformin demonstrated protective effects against AF stabilization and attenuated right atrial substrate complexity in a preclinical model.
  • These findings support metformin as a potential therapeutic agent for AF prevention.
  • Further mechanistic and clinical studies are warranted to explore metformin's role in AF management.