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N-Peaks: MRI intensity normalization based on normal tissue histogram peak intensities.

Philipp Wallimann1, Janita E van Timmeren2, Hubert S Gabryś1

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Physics in Medicine and Biology
|December 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

N-Peaks normalization harmonizes structural magnetic resonance (MR) image intensities using reference tissues. This method improves intensity consistency across different tissue types, offering benefits for quantitative MR image analysis.

Keywords:
image standardizationmagnetic resonance imagingquantitative image analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Radiology
  • Image Processing

Background:

  • Intensity variations in structural magnetic resonance (MR) images pose challenges for quantitative analysis.
  • Harmonizing intensity units across different scans and scanners is crucial for consistent results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate N-Peaks, a novel method for normalizing structural MR image intensities.
  • To improve the consistency of intensity values across different normal tissues within MR images.

Main Methods:

  • N-Peaks normalization uses reference tissue contours to identify homogeneous regions and their peak histogram intensities.
  • Image intensities are transformed piecewise linearly to map reference tissue landmarks to target values.
  • The method was tested on 194 abdomen MR images and compared against Nyul and Z-Score normalizations using Jensen-Shannon distance (JSD).

Main Results:

  • N-Peaks normalization consistently yielded low JSD values across body, liver, and fat tissues.
  • While Nyul normalization achieved the lowest JSD in the body, it distorted fat histogram shapes.
  • Z-Score methods showed variable performance, with high JSD in certain tissues.

Conclusions:

  • N-Peaks effectively normalizes MR image intensities by harmonizing reference tissue intensities.
  • The method enhances the consistency of intensities within different tissue types.
  • N-Peaks offers a valuable tool for various quantitative MR image analysis applications.