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Prioritizing dumpsite risks and interventions: an overview and framework for action with a focus on LMICs.

Giovanni Vinti1, Valerie Bauza2,3, Thomas Clasen2

  • 1Deparment of Engineering, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. giovanni.vinti@unipa.it.

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
|December 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Uncontrolled dumpsites pose significant environmental and health risks, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This review advocates for a standardized human health risk assessment (HHRA) to prioritize interventions for the most hazardous dumpsites.

Keywords:
Comparative risk methodologyDumpsitesLMICsResearch directionRisk assessment

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Public Health
  • Risk Assessment

Background:

  • Dumpsites are a major environmental and public health issue globally, particularly in LMICs.
  • Uncontrolled waste disposal leads to pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and health risks.
  • Pollutants from dumpsites can migrate through environmental matrices to human receptors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate existing risk assessment procedures for dumpsites.
  • To propose a research direction for a standardized human health risk assessment (HHRA) methodology.
  • To prioritize interventions for the most dangerous dumpsites in a given territory.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing environmental and health risk assessment methodologies.
  • Focus on characteristics suitable for dumpsites in LMICs.
  • Identification and discussion of the relative HHRA approach.

Main Results:

  • Dumpsites present significant environmental and public health challenges, especially in LMICs.
  • Pollutant migration from dumpsites poses risks to human health.
  • The relative HHRA is identified as a practical and reliable approach for dumpsite risk assessment.

Conclusions:

  • A standardized HHRA methodology is needed to prioritize interventions for dumpsites.
  • Further research and policy recommendations are required for effective dumpsite management.
  • Addressing dumpsites is crucial for mitigating environmental pollution and public health risks in LMICs.