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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

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Morusin Alleviates Spinal Cord Injury in Rats by Regulating Macrophage Reprogramming Through Targeting RELA and NRF2.

Zhicheng Liu1, Kaiwen Liu1, Yuxuan Zhang1

  • 1Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.

Phytotherapy Research : PTR
|December 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Morusin, a natural compound, was found to protect against spinal cord injury (SCI) by reducing inflammation and promoting healing. It targets key pathways to shift immune cells towards a beneficial M2 state, offering potential for new SCI therapies.

Keywords:
MorusinNRF2RELAmicrogliaspinal cord injury

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes secondary damage driven by inflammation and microglial polarization.
  • Morusin, a flavonoid, exhibits anti-inflammatory properties but its SCI mechanisms and targets are unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neuroprotective effects and molecular mechanisms of Morusin in SCI.
  • To determine Morusin's role in modulating microglial/macrophage polarization.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated Morusin's efficacy in a rat SCI model (behavioral, histological, immunofluorescence).
  • Assessed in vitro anti-inflammatory and polarization effects in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia.
  • Identified Morusin's direct target using chemoproteomics (DART-MS) and validated with cellular thermal shift assay and siRNA.

Main Results:

  • Morusin significantly improved functional recovery, reduced neuroinflammation, and attenuated tissue damage in SCI rats.
  • In vitro, Morusin suppressed M1 polarization and enhanced M2 polarization.
  • Morusin directly binds RELA (p65), inhibiting the NF-κB pathway and activating the NRF2/HO-1 axis.

Conclusions:

  • Morusin alleviates SCI by directly targeting RELA to inhibit M1 polarization and activating NRF2/HO-1 for M2 polarization.
  • This study reveals Morusin's dual mechanism in SCI, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic lead compound.