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Characterizing the Heartbeat-Evoked Potential: A Two-Component Model of Cardiac Signal Processing?

Raphaël Gautier1, Marianne Latinus1, Frederic Briend1

  • 1Imaging Brain & Neuropsychiatry iBraiN U1253, INSERM, Université de Tours, Tours, France.

Psychophysiology
|December 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study investigated the heartbeat evoked potential (HEP), a brain response to heartbeats. Researchers found an early brain response to heartbeats was task-independent, but a later response was not modulated by tasks, contrary to hypotheses.

Keywords:
ERPheartbeat evoked potentialinteroceptionphase‐resetting

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychophysiology

Background:

  • The heartbeat evoked potential (HEP) reflects cardiac signal integration in the brain, typically analyzed via EEG time-locked to ECG R-peaks.
  • Existing research shows HEP modulation across conditions, but its precise neural underpinnings and components remain unclear, hindering consistent characterization.
  • A two-component model proposes an early (100-250ms) task-independent component for primary integration and a late (250-500ms) task-dependent component for elaborative processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate the early and late components of the HEP and their frequency characteristics at rest.
  • To investigate the modulation of these HEP components during an emotion task and a tactile stimulation protocol.
  • To ensure reproducibility by using independent datasets and diverse participants.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocardiography (ECG) to record brain activity and heartbeats.
  • Averaged EEG epochs time-locked to R-peaks to derive HEPs.
  • Employed independent datasets for exploratory analysis and reproducibility checks across different tasks and participant groups.

Main Results:

  • Identified an early fronto-central negativity (100-250ms) potentially linked to theta phase resetting.
  • Observed a subsequent posterior positivity (250-500ms).
  • Found no significant intra- or inter-task modulation for the early component, and unexpectedly, no modulation for the late component.

Conclusions:

  • The early HEP component appears task-independent, supporting its role in primary cardiac signal integration.
  • The late HEP component did not show task-related modulation, challenging the hypothesis of its role in elaborative processing.
  • Standardized methodologies are crucial for improving HEP research reproducibility and understanding cardiac-brain interactions.