Materiobiology in the omics era

Omics technologies can uncover the complex regulatory mechanisms of living systems at multiple levels, including genes, transcripts, proteins, metabolites and immune networks. They also provide an integrative framework to study how cells interact with their environment. In materiobiology, cellular responses to materials involve diverse processes. This review summarizes the applications of single-cell transcriptomics, transcriptomics, RNomics, genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, glycomics and immunomics in materiobiology. We highlight how these approaches reveal cell heterogeneity, transcriptional and epigenetic regulation, genetic determinants, protein and metabolic pathways, lipid and glycan remodeling and immune networks in the context of biomaterial interactions. In addition, we discuss how multi-omics strategies support the construction of bone organoids, which serve as physiologically relevant models to investigate bone development, disease mechanisms and material-driven repair. Together, these advances provide a theoretical foundation and methodology for the rational design of next-generation biomaterials with improved functionality and precision in regenerative medicine. This review outlines how multi-omics technologies drive materiobiology, bridging molecular insights with material innovation for precision and regenerative medicine.