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Fabry-Pérot Interferometer Hydrogel-Based Sensor for Continuous pH Monitoring in Diabetic Foot Ulcers.

Doua Kosaji, Nazmi B Alsaafeen, Mohammad I Awad

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
    |December 3, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A new optical sensor uses hydrogel expansion to monitor pH in diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) in real-time. This technology offers a sensitive and reliable method for early infection detection, potentially preventing severe complications like amputations.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Materials Science
    • Wound Care Technology

    Background:

    • Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are severe diabetes complications, often leading to chronic wounds, infections, and amputations.
    • Continuous monitoring of the wound microenvironment, especially pH, is crucial for assessing DFU progression and infection risk.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel Fabry-Pérot Interferometer (FPI) hydrogel-based optical sensor for real-time, non-invasive pH sensing in DFUs.
    • To evaluate the sensor's sensitivity, accuracy, and reliability in detecting pH variations within the physiological range of DFUs.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of an FPI optical sensor incorporating a pH-responsive hydrogel.
    • Testing the sensor in pH buffer solutions (pH 3-8) to measure wavelength shifts correlated with hydrogel expansion.
    • Microscopic imaging to assess hydrogel deposition, retention, and stability within the FPI cavity.

    Main Results:

    • The FPI hydrogel sensor demonstrated a systematic wavelength shift correlating with pH changes.
    • High sensitivity was observed: 3.56 ± 0.299 nm/pH unit, with strong linear correlation (R² = 0.9726).
    • Successful hydrogel retention and stability within the FPI cavity were confirmed via microscopy.

    Conclusions:

    • The FPI hydrogel sensor is a promising tool for continuous, non-invasive pH monitoring in DFU management.
    • This technology enables early detection of infections and complications, facilitating timely interventions.
    • The sensor has the potential to significantly improve patient outcomes and reduce DFU-related amputations.