Advances in Intraocular Pressure Biosensors: Sensing Mechanisms, System Integration, and Clinical Translation...

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Ophthalmology
• Sensor Technology

Background:

• Abnormal intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor for glaucoma, a leading cause of vision loss and economic burden.
• Conventional IOP measurement methods lack continuous monitoring capabilities, hindering early detection and management.
• Wearable and implantable biosensors represent a significant advancement for continuous IOP monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in intraocular pressure (IOP) biosensors, focusing on the last five years.
• To evaluate the potential of these biosensors in overcoming clinical translation challenges for continuous monitoring.
• To discuss the integration of emerging technologies like AI and big data in IOP biosensor development.

Main Methods:

• Review of recent scientific literature on IOP biosensors (last 5 years).
• Analysis of sensors based on piezoresistive, electrical, optical, and microfluidic principles.
• Evaluation of sensor placement at various intraocular sites (cornea, anterior chamber).

Main Results:

• Significant progress in wearable and implantable IOP biosensors utilizing diverse sensing principles.
• Improvements in sensor fabrication, power supply, data processing, and anti-interference capabilities.
• Identification of challenges in clinical translation, emphasizing the need for engineering-clinical balance.

Conclusions:

• IOP biosensors offer a promising solution for continuous monitoring, crucial for glaucoma management.
• Further optimization and validation are required to bridge the gap between engineering development and clinical application.
• Artificial intelligence and big data integration are expected to drive future innovations in IOP biosensor technology.