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Can You See Us Play? Observing Inclusive Outdoor Play Behaviour Among Children With and Without Disabilities: A Mixed

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Children with disabilities show less playfulness and receive less environmental support during outdoor play. Inclusive playgrounds need to consider social and physical factors to enhance play opportunities for all children.

Keywords:
Test of Environmental SupportivenessTest of Playfulnesschildrendisabilityinclusionobservationoutdoor play

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Area of Science:

  • Child Development
  • Inclusive Education
  • Rehabilitation Science

Background:

  • Outdoor play is crucial for child development, yet children with disabilities face significant barriers.
  • Limited opportunities exist in the Netherlands for integrated outdoor play between children with and without disabilities.
  • Previous research focused on perspectives, but actual inclusive outdoor play behavior remains understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how children with and without disabilities engage in outdoor play together.
  • To identify factors influencing inclusive outdoor play behavior.
  • To provide insights for professionals to enhance outdoor play opportunities for all children.

Main Methods:

  • A mixed-methods approach combining quantitative (Test of Playfulness, Test of Environmental Supportiveness) and qualitative observations.
  • Observations conducted during six outdoor play sessions at inclusive playgrounds.
  • Inclusion of 63 children aged 4-12 years with and without disabilities.

Main Results:

  • Children with disabilities and boys exhibited lower playfulness (Test of Playfulness scores).
  • Boys received less environmental support for play (Test of Environmental Supportiveness scores).
  • Six themes emerged: play variety, social acquaintance, contact initiation, interactive play, social environment, and physical environment.

Conclusions:

  • Significant diversity exists in playfulness and environmental support among children with and without disabilities.
  • Social interactions, peer relationships, and environmental factors critically shape inclusive play.
  • Both social and physical environments are vital for promoting inclusive outdoor play, guiding professionals in creating equitable opportunities.