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Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Impact of Reduced Resistance Exercise Volume on Metabolic Health
Published on: December 1, 2023
Postexercise immune-inflammatory improvement in type 2 diabetes is associated with baseline insulin resistance
Wei Cheng1, Kai Guo1, Xuelian Zhang1
1Department of Endocrinology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Purpose:
To examine how baseline insulin resistance (IR) modulates exercise-induced changes in systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods:
Fifty-five T2DM patients stratified by fasting C-peptide tertiles into low- (Group 1), moderate- (Group 2), and high-IR groups (Group 3) completed a 4-week moderate-intensity combined aerobic-resistance exercise program. Changes in SII (neutrophils × platelets/lymphocytes), anthropometrics, and glucolipid markers were assessed, with ANCOVA and hierarchical regression modeling intergroup differences and predictors (Clinical Trial Registration ID: ChiCTR2200066710).
Results:
Significant reductions in weight, BMI, and body fat% occurred in Group 1/Group 2 (all p<0.05) but not Group 3. SII decreased in Group 1 (p<0.05) yet increased in Group 3 due to neutrophil elevation (p<0.05). Fasting glucose and HbA1c improved across all groups (p<0.05), with Group 3's glycemic benefits independent of weight loss or anti-inflammatory effects. Baseline C-peptide independently predicted increases in ΔSII across all adjusted models (β=19.85-21.94, p<0.01), whereas covariates including age, diabetes duration, and BMI showed no significant effects.
Conclusion:
Severe baseline IR attenuates exercise-mediated SII improvement and body composition optimization, whereas glycemic benefits remain IR-independent, necessitating IR-stratified exercise prescriptions.
Clinical Trial Registration:
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, identifier ChiCTR2200066710.
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