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In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the...
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Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice
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High-value decisions are made quickly, with no consistent effect on accuracy.

Angelo Pirrone1, Giovanni Sala1, Nathan J Evans1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Bedford Street South, Liverpool L69 7ZA, United Kingdom.

PNAS Nexus
|December 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Decision-makers are not consistently more accurate for high-value choices. This study reanalyzed 40 previous studies, finding decision accuracy is not reliably influenced by overall option value.

Keywords:
collapsing thresholdscomputational modelsdecision-makingoverall valuevalue-sensitivity

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Decision science
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • High-value decisions are often made faster than low-value ones.
  • Existing theories propose mechanisms like altered information processing or caution levels to explain this speed-value relationship.
  • However, the impact of overall value on decision accuracy remains debated, with mixed findings in prior research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate whether decision accuracy is consistently affected by the overall value of options.
  • To re-evaluate the relationship between decision value and accuracy across a large body of existing studies.

Main Methods:

  • Meta-analysis of data from 40 independent studies on decision-making.
  • Statistical reanalysis to assess the influence of overall option value on decision accuracy.
  • Examination of potential low-level stimuli-driven effects separate from overall value.

Main Results:

  • Decision accuracy did not demonstrate a consistent pattern of improvement or decline related to the overall value of options, excluding basic stimulus effects.
  • The findings challenge the notion of a universal, systematic effect of decision value on accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • Previous claims of a consistent link between overall decision value and accuracy may be premature.
  • The results necessitate a re-evaluation of current decision-making theories and highlight the need for further research into value-based decision processes.