Biopharmaceuticals: importance, application, function - a narrative review.

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Molecular Biology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Biopharmaceuticals are biologically active substances regulating organism processes, often mimicking natural proteins or interacting with cellular receptors.
• They exhibit high therapeutic specificity due to their structure and targeted mechanisms of action.
• Dysregulation of Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways is implicated in various diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present biopharmaceuticals modulating the JAK/STAT and NF-κB signaling pathways.
• To explore the role of these pathways in autoimmune, neoplastic, hematological, skin, rheumatic, and oral cavity diseases, including periodontitis.
• To highlight the potential for developing targeted therapies by understanding these molecular mechanisms.

Main Methods:

• Review of biopharmaceutical mechanisms targeting JAK/STAT and NF-κB signaling.
• Analysis of the role of these pathways in disease pathogenesis.
• Discussion of therapeutic implications for targeted inhibition.

Main Results:

• Biopharmaceuticals can effectively modulate JAK/STAT and NF-κB pathways.
• These pathways are crucial in the pathogenesis of numerous inflammatory and neoplastic conditions.
• Disturbed signaling in these pathways may contribute to oral diseases like periodontitis.

Conclusions:

• Targeted inhibition of JAK-STAT and NF-κB pathways offers a promising therapeutic strategy.
• Understanding these signaling cascades facilitates the development of novel treatments for a range of diseases.
• Modifying the host's molecular response may provide significant therapeutic benefits when combined with existing treatments.