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Related Concept Videos

Bar Graph01:07

Bar Graph

21.3K
A bar graph is also called a bar chart and consists of bars that are separated from each other. It either uses horizontal or vertical bars to show comparisons among categories. The bars can be rectangles, or they can be rectangular boxes (used in three-dimensional plots). One axis of the graph represents the specific categories being compared, and the other axis shows a discrete value. In this graph, the length of the bar for each category is proportional to the number or percent of individuals...
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Multiple Bar Graph01:07

Multiple Bar Graph

8.9K
As the name suggests, a multiple bar graph is the same as a bar graph but has multiple bars to depict relationships between different data values. One can include as many parameters as possible. However, each parameter must have the same unit of measurement.
Each bar or column in the multiple bar graph represents a data value. These graphs are used primarily in interrelating two or more sets of data. The categories of different kinds of data are listed along the horizontal or x-axis, whereas...
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Pareto Chart00:52

Pareto Chart

7.6K
A Pareto chart is a bar graph or a combination of both line and bar graphs. The bar lengths represent the individual values or the frequency, while the lines represent the cumulative total values. In this chart, the longest bars are arranged on the left and the shortest bars on the right, which makes it easier to read and interpret the data. It can also be called a Pareto diagram or Pareto analysis.
The Pareto chart is named after the Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto, who described the Pareto...
7.6K
Pie Chart01:04

Pie Chart

15.8K
A pie chart (or a pie graph) is a circular graphical chart or a pictorial representation of categorical data. It is divided into slices of pie each indicating numerical proportions. It is also used to show the relative sizes of data in a single chart.
In a pie chart, the central angle, the arc length of each slice, and the area are directly proportional to the quantity or percentage it represents. Some real-world examples that can be depicted using pie charts include marks obtained by students...
15.8K
Histogram01:05

Histogram

16.9K
The histogram is a graphical representation in the x-y form of data distribution in a data set. The horizontal x-axis is labeled with what the data represents (for instance, distance from your home to school). The vertical y-axis is labeled either frequency or relative frequency (or percent frequency or probability).
A histogram graph consists of contiguous (adjoining) boxes. The heights of the bars correspond to frequency values. The graph will have the same shape with respective labels. The...
16.9K
Interpreting Run Charts01:25

Interpreting Run Charts

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Run charts, essentially line graphs plotted over time, serve as fundamental yet effective tools for process analysis. They chronicle data sequentially, facilitating the identification of trends, shifts, or cyclical movements. This graphical representation is instrumental in determining whether a process is stable or exhibits signs of potential instability indicative of special cause variation. In the healthcare domain, run charts depict infection rates over time, enabling hospitals to monitor...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Electroencephalographic, Heart Rate, and Galvanic Skin Response Assessment for an Advertising Perception Study: Application to Antismoking Public Service Announcements
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Graphical Perception of Icon Arrays versus Bar Charts for Value Comparisons in Health Risk Communication.

Jade Kandel, Jiayi Liu, Arran Zeyu Wang

    IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
    |December 4, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Icon arrays and explicit encoding with juxtaposition improve health risk communication by enhancing data interpretation and decision-making. Tailoring visualizations to audience literacy is crucial for accurate risk perception.

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    Area of Science:

    • Health Communication
    • Data Visualization
    • Human-Computer Interaction

    Background:

    • Visualizations are crucial for health risk communication, aiding decision-making for high-risk individuals and care providers.
    • Different visualization types, like bar charts and icon arrays, can introduce biases affecting data interpretation.
    • Understanding how visual design impacts risk perception is essential for effective communication.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of bar charts, icon arrays, and their layout on value comparison perception.
    • To evaluate how these visualizations influence decision-making in health risk contexts.
    • To provide design recommendations for optimizing health risk communication visualizations.

    Main Methods:

    • Conducted a series of studies comparing bar charts and icon arrays with different layout strategies (juxtaposed, explicit encoding, explicit encoding plus juxtaposition).
    • Assessed participants' perception of value comparison and subsequent decision-making.
    • Analyzed results across different literacy levels.

    Main Results:

    • Icon arrays combined with explicit encoding and juxtaposition optimized accurate difference estimation and reduced perceptual biases.
    • A misalignment was observed between estimation accuracy and decision-making outcomes.
    • Discrepancies in perception and decision-making were noted between low and high literacy groups.

    Conclusions:

    • Icon arrays and specific layout strategies offer potential for improved health risk communication.
    • Visualizations should be evaluated beyond mere perceptual accuracy, considering decision-making and audience literacy.
    • Tailoring visualization approaches to specific audiences is vital for informed health decisions.