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Association Between Age and Race and Cervical Cancer Stage.

Nicole Santos1, Jamie Kim1, Katie Hsu1

  • 1Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; Stony Brook University, New York, New York; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Population Health Science, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.

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Older women and women of color, particularly Black women, face higher risks of late-stage cervical cancer. This highlights disparities in screening and care, necessitating targeted strategies for equitable health outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Current cervical cancer screening guidelines by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommend screening for individuals aged 21-65.
  • Guidelines for individuals with abnormal screening results differ and may not be consistently followed.
  • Concerns exist that older women and women of color may not benefit equally from existing screening protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between age, race, and the diagnosis of late-stage cervical cancer.
  • To identify potential disparities in cervical cancer diagnosis based on demographic factors.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the National Cancer Database (2004-2022).
  • Included were women aged 21-85 with known cervical cancer stage.
  • Logistic regression models analyzed the association between age, race, and late-stage diagnosis (Stage III/IV vs. Stage I/II), adjusting for covariates. Interaction between age and race was tested.

Main Results:

  • Women aged 65 and older had significantly higher odds of late-stage cervical cancer diagnosis (OR 1.6) compared to younger women.
  • Non-Hispanic Black women had higher odds of late-stage diagnosis (OR 1.2) compared to non-Hispanic White women.
  • Non-Hispanic Black women aged 65 and older exhibited the highest odds of late-stage diagnosis (OR 1.9) compared to younger non-Hispanic White women.

Conclusions:

  • Older women (≥65 years) are at increased risk for late-stage cervical cancer.
  • Disparities in screening adherence or follow-up care may contribute to these age-related risks.
  • Equity-driven strategies are needed to address systemic barriers, particularly for older women and non-Hispanic Black women, to reduce cervical cancer disparities.