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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...

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Eomesodermin-expressing CD4 Th cells and association with multiple sclerosis progression and brain atrophy.

Marielena Bongert1, Emelie Schönauer1, Paulina Trendelenburg1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Ruhr-University Bochum, St. Josef-Hospital, Bochum 44791, Germany.

Brain Communications
|December 5, 2025
PubMed
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Eomesodermin-positive T helper cells are linked to multiple sclerosis progression. Higher levels predict disability and brain atrophy in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis, suggesting a potential therapeutic target.

Keywords:
T cellsbiomarkermultiple sclerosisneuroprotectionprogression

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Central Nervous System Disorders

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory CNS disease with ongoing challenges in managing disease progression.
  • Eomesodermin-positive (Eomes+) T helper (Th) cells are implicated in neuroinflammation, cytotoxicity, and disease advancement, particularly in secondary progressive MS (SPMS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prospectively investigate the association between Eomes+ Th cells and disease progression, neurodegeneration, and clinical outcomes in patients with multiple sclerosis over one year.
  • To explore the potential of Eomes+ Th cells as biomarkers for MS progression and neurodegeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective longitudinal study over one year including clinical assessments and immunophenotyping of Eomes+ Th cells.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was conducted in a subcohort to assess brain atrophy.
  • Statistical analysis correlated Eomes+ Th cell frequencies with clinical data and MRI findings.

Main Results:

  • Eomes+ Th cell frequencies distinguished between primary progressive MS (PPMS) and SPMS and correlated with B-cells in SPMS.
  • SPMS patients reporting subjective worsening had higher baseline Eomes+ Th cell frequencies.
  • Elevated baseline Eomes+ Th cells predicted one-year disability progression in a subset of SPMS patients.
  • VBM analysis showed significant infratentorial brain atrophy in patients with higher Eomes+ Th cell frequencies.

Conclusions:

  • Eomesodermin-positive T helper cells may contribute to a pro-inflammatory immune environment driving disease progression and neurodegeneration in SPMS.
  • These cells represent a potential biomarker for monitoring MS progression and a promising therapeutic target for intervention.