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Leech Infestation Patterns between Native and Invasive Freshwater Turtles: Implications for Invasion Success.

Sabine B Rocha1, Carlos Rouco2, Nayara Louback-Franco3

  • 1Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Universidad de Córdoba, Carretera N-IV km, 396, 14014, Córdoba, Spain. E-mail: sabine.borges@gmail.com (Rocha).

Zoological Studies
|December 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Invasive sliders (Trachemys spp.) showed significantly lower leech parasitism than native turtles, supporting the enemy release hypothesis for invasion success. This suggests parasites may not limit invasive turtle populations in Brazil.

Keywords:
Aquatic biodiversityHost-parasite interactionInvasive speciesParasitismTestudines

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Invasive Species Biology
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • Alien species introductions are increasing globally, necessitating understanding of establishment drivers.
  • Parasites are often absent in invasive species, potentially facilitating their success (enemy release hypothesis).
  • Freshwater turtle-leech interactions are crucial for understanding invasion dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate leech parasitism in native and invasive freshwater turtles in southern Brazil.
  • Assess how host species, sex, body size, and body region influence leech prevalence and intensity.
  • Evaluate the role of enemy release in the invasion success of Trachemys sliders.

Main Methods:

  • Captured 62 freshwater turtles using traps over a period of co-occurrence.
  • Identified native (Phrynops geoffroanus, Hydromedusa tectifera) and invasive (Trachemys dorbigni, Trachemys scripta elegans) species.
  • Assessed leech prevalence and infestation intensity across host characteristics and body regions.

Main Results:

  • Native turtles had an 18-fold higher prevalence of leech infestation compared to invasive sliders.
  • Trachemys dorbigni showed no leech infestation; Trachemys scripta elegans had very low prevalence.
  • Leech infestation probability increased with turtle body size, with hind limbs being most affected.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced ectoparasitism on invasive Trachemys species supports the enemy release hypothesis.
  • Lack of natural enemies may be a key factor enabling slider invasions.
  • Findings provide baseline data for future research on slider invasion ecology.