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In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...

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An Experimental Model of Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rabbit: Methodological Considerations, Development, and Assessment

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Beyond Genes: Metabolomic Evidence Indicates Potential Species-Level Differentiation in European Wild Rabbits.

César Cortés-García¹, Mette Skou Hedemann², Jorge Mateo-López³

¹Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Facultad de Veterinaria, CEU Universities, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, Valencia, Spain.

Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part A, Ecological and Integrative Physiology

|May 11, 2026

Summary

Metabolomic analysis reveals distinct differences between European rabbit subspecies, Oryctolagus cuniculus algirus and Oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus. These metabolic variations may serve as biomarkers and inform conservation efforts for this ecologically important species.

Keywords:

European wild rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus metabolomic

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Area of Science:

Ecology
Genetics
Metabolomics
Conservation Biology

Background:

The European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is ecologically significant in Mediterranean ecosystems but faces population decline.
Two Iberian subspecies, O. c. algirus and O. c. cuniculus, display genetic, phenotypic, and ecological distinctions.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine if genetic differences between European rabbit subspecies are reflected in their plasma metabolome.
To identify potential plasma metabolomic biomarkers for subspecies classification.

Main Methods:

Performed comprehensive untargeted metabolomics analyses on plasma samples from 49 wild European rabbits.
Utilized statistical analysis to compare metabolomic profiles between the two subspecies.

Main Results:

Identified significant and consistent differences in plasma metabolomic profiles between O. c. algirus and O. c. cuniculus.
Detected statistically significant differences in nine metabolites.
Three metabolites, including Medicagenic acid, showed strong potential as subspecies-specific biomarkers.

Conclusions:

The findings demonstrate functional metabolic divergence between European rabbit subspecies, likely linked to dietary and ecological adaptations.
Metabolic differentiation provides molecular evidence supporting evolutionary divergence.
Identified biomarkers could aid in understanding subspecies dynamics and inform conservation strategies for Oryctolagus cuniculus.