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Dynamic Lung Tumor Tracking for Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiation Therapy
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Configurable γ Photon Spectrometer to Enable Precision Radioguided Tumor Resection.

Rahul Lall, Youngho Seo, Ali M Niknejad

    IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems
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    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a novel integrated circuit gamma spectrometer for radioguided surgery (RGS). The device precisely measures gamma photon energy, improving cancer cell detection during tumor resection and reducing recurrence risk.

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    Area of Science:

    • Medical instrumentation
    • Nuclear medicine
    • Semiconductor device physics

    Background:

    • Surgical tumor resection aims for complete cancer cell removal, but microscopic disease is often missed, leading to recurrence.
    • Radioguided surgery (RGS) uses radioisotopes to tag cancer cells, but requires precise localization of these cells within tissue margins.
    • Current gamma photon spectrometers for RGS are often mm-scale, limiting specificity and spatial resolution.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a compact, high-resolution integrated circuit (IC)-based gamma spectrometer for intraoperative use in RGS.
    • To enable precise measurement of single gamma photons and their incident energy with sub-keV resolution.
    • To create a versatile spectrometry system adaptable to diverse surgical scenarios in RGS.

    Main Methods:

    • Designed and implemented a 9.9 mm² IC gamma spectrometer using 180 nm CMOS technology.
    • Utilized small 2x2 µm reverse-biased diodes with low capacitance to generate millivolt signals from gamma interactions.
    • Developed a low-power energy spectrometry method based on signal decay time measurement, implemented in configurable pixel architectures.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved sub-keV energy resolution and a 1.315 MeV energy dynamic range.
    • Demonstrated the ability to resolve activities as low as 1 µCi for common gamma-emitting radioisotopes (⁶⁴Cu, ¹³³Ba, ¹⁷⁷Lu).
    • The IC-based spectrometer successfully measured single gamma photons and their incident energy.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed IC gamma spectrometer offers a significant advancement for radioguided surgery.
    • Its high specificity and configurable design can improve intraoperative visualization of cancer cells.
    • This technology has the potential to enhance surgical outcomes by reducing cancer recurrence.