Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

A Double Humanized BLT-mice Model Featuring a Stable Human-Like Gut Microbiome and Human Immune System
07:32

A Double Humanized BLT-mice Model Featuring a Stable Human-Like Gut Microbiome and Human Immune System

Published on: August 30, 2019

9.2K

Microbiome Modulation in Lung Cancer Immunotherapy: Unveiling the Role of Respiratory and Gut Microbiota in the

Yuanyuan Xu1, Yixing Tao1, Hanbo Pan1

  • 1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200030 Shanghai, China.

Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition)
|December 6, 2025
PubMed

Insights

The gut and respiratory microbiome influence lung cancer immunotherapy. Modulating the microbiome with probiotics or fecal transplants may improve treatment outcomes for cancer patients.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Microbiome Research

Background:

  • Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality globally.
  • Responses to programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors vary significantly.
  • Host-microbiome interactions are increasingly recognized for their role in antitumor immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of respiratory and gut microbiota in lung cancer immunity.
  • To explore mechanisms by which microbiota influence the tumor microenvironment.
  • To discuss microbiome-based strategies for enhancing cancer immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on host-microbiome interactions in lung cancer.
  • Analysis of mechanisms involving dysbiosis, T-cell exhaustion, and regulatory cell activation.
  • Exploration of microbial metabolites' impact on immune cells.
  • Review of microbiota-modulation strategies for immunotherapy.

Main Results:

  • Microbiota dysbiosis can create an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
  • Specific commensals can enhance anti-tumor immunity by recruiting cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
  • Microbial metabolites influence myeloid-derived suppressor cells.
  • Microbiota modulation strategies show potential for improving immunotherapy efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • The microbiome plays a critical role in modulating lung cancer immunity and immunotherapy response.
  • Strategies like probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation can enhance treatment efficacy.
  • Integrating microbiome science into precision oncology offers a path towards overcoming therapeutic resistance.
Keywords:
immunotherapylung neoplasmsmicrobiotaprogrammed cell death 1 ligand 1programmed cell death 1 receptor

More Related Videos

Orthotopic Transplantation of Syngeneic Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells to Study PD-L1 Expression06:03

Orthotopic Transplantation of Syngeneic Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells to Study PD-L1 Expression

Published on: January 19, 2019

18.0K
Establishment of a Co-culture System of Patient-Derived Colorectal Tumor Organoids and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs)08:42

Establishment of a Co-culture System of Patient-Derived Colorectal Tumor Organoids and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs)

Published on: June 27, 2025

1.9K

Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
1.7K
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
7.6K