Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Sympathetic Activation

Sympathetic Activation

The sympathetic division can influence tissues and organs by releasing norepinephrine at peripheral synapses and distributing epinephrine and norepinephrine through the bloodstream. In times of crisis or stress, sympathetic activation occurs, which is regulated by sympathetic centers in the hypothalamus. As a result, sympathetic activation prepares the body for physical exertion, rapid ATP production, and heightened alertness, allowing individuals to respond effectively to challenging or...

The Vestibular System

The Vestibular System

The vestibular system is a set of inner ear structures that provide a sense of balance and spatial orientation. This system is comprised of structures within the labyrinth of the inner ear, including the cochlea and two otolith organs—the utricle and saccule. The labyrinth also contains three semicircular canals—superior, posterior, and horizontal—that are oriented on different planes.

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's...

Equilibrium and Balance

Equilibrium and Balance

The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...

The Sympathetic Nervous System

The Sympathetic Nervous System

Sympathetic Signaling

Sympathetic Signaling

Sympathetic signaling, a vital part of the autonomic nervous system, plays a crucial role in mobilizing the body's resources in response to stress or emergencies. It involves the transmission of nerve impulses from sympathetic preganglionic fibers to postganglionic fibers. This results in the release of specific neurotransmitters and activation of adrenergic receptors.
Sympathetic preganglionic fibers release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) onto the ganglionic neurons in the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Metal-metal <i>vs.</i> metal-ligand cooperation in iron-mediated activation and catalytic reduction of nitrous oxide and nitrobenzene.

Chemical science·2026

Same author

Carbon-carbon bond formation and cleavage at redox active bis(pyridylimino)isoindole (BPI) germylene compounds.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2025

Same author

A low-coordinate platinum(0)-germylene for E-H bond activation and catalytic hydrodehalogenation.

Nature communications·2024

Same author

Editorial: ASICs: structure, function, and pharmacology, part II.

Frontiers in physiology·2024

Same author

Vestibular prosthesis: from basic research to clinics.

Frontiers in integrative neuroscience·2023

Same author

Galvanic vestibular stimulation activates the parietal and temporal cortex in humans: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) study.

The European journal of neuroscience·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Measuring the Influence of Magnetic Vestibular Stimulation on Nystagmus, Self-Motion Perception, and Cognitive Performance in a 7T MRT

Measuring the Influence of Magnetic Vestibular Stimulation on Nystagmus, Self-Motion Perception, and Cognitive Performance in a 7T MRT

Published on: March 3, 2023

Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation and Its Effects on Sympathetic Nervous System Activation.

Adriana Pliego¹, Enrique Soto²

¹Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 50180 Toluca, Estado de Mexico, Mexico.

Journal of Integrative Neuroscience

|December 6, 2025

Summary

Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) influences autonomic responses, but inconsistent protocols hinder consensus. Optimizing GVS parameters like amplitude and electrode montage may enable precise autonomic modulation for conditions like dysregulation.

Keywords:

autonomic function blood pressure cardiovascular modulation galvanic vestibular stimulation heart rate muscular sympathetic activity

More Related Videos

Stochastic Noise Application for the Assessment of Medial Vestibular Nucleus Neuron Sensitivity In Vitro

Stochastic Noise Application for the Assessment of Medial Vestibular Nucleus Neuron Sensitivity In Vitro

Published on: August 28, 2019

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Effects of Transauricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Effects of Transauricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation

Published on: January 19, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Measuring the Influence of Magnetic Vestibular Stimulation on Nystagmus, Self-Motion Perception, and Cognitive Performance in a 7T MRT

Measuring the Influence of Magnetic Vestibular Stimulation on Nystagmus, Self-Motion Perception, and Cognitive Performance in a 7T MRT

Published on: March 3, 2023

Stochastic Noise Application for the Assessment of Medial Vestibular Nucleus Neuron Sensitivity In Vitro

Stochastic Noise Application for the Assessment of Medial Vestibular Nucleus Neuron Sensitivity In Vitro

Published on: August 28, 2019

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Effects of Transauricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Effects of Transauricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation

Published on: January 19, 2024

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Autonomic Neuroscience
Vestibular Neuroscience

Background:

Cardiovascular responses to movement are influenced by vestibular input and baroreflex.
Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) activates vestibular and associated neural circuits.
Previous GVS research focused on cardiovascular and sympathetic activity, but inconsistent protocols limit consensus.

Purpose of the Study:

To review GVS application parameters and their effects on autonomic neural pathways.
To analyze how variations in amplitude, frequency, and electrode montage impact autonomic responses.
To evaluate GVS potential for precise autonomic modulation.

Main Methods:

Systematic review of studies using Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (GVS).
Analysis of GVS parameters: amplitude, frequency, and electrode montage.
Examination of effects on heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA).

Main Results:

GVS can induce transient autonomic changes via otolith-sensitive neural pathways.
Variations in GVS parameters significantly impact autonomic responses.
Evidence suggests GVS effectiveness is protocol-dependent.

Conclusions:

Optimizing GVS parameters is crucial for consistent autonomic modulation.
GVS shows potential as a complementary neuromodulation strategy for autonomic dysregulation.
Further research is needed to establish standardized GVS protocols for therapeutic applications.