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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings
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Peripheral Intravenous Access Rates Obtained by Emergency Medical Services in Pediatric Patients: A Retrospective

Paweł Samocki1,2, Robert Gałązkowski3, Patryk Rzońca4

  • 1Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.

Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research
|December 7, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric peripheral intravenous (IV) access by emergency medical services (EMS) is low, especially in infants. IV cannulation likelihood increases with age, trauma, poisoning, and Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) transfer.

Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Pediatric Care
  • Pre-hospital Care

Background:

  • Peripheral intravenous (IV) access is crucial for drug administration in pre-hospital settings.
  • Pediatric IV cannulation presents significant challenges for emergency medical services (EMS) personnel in out-of-hospital environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the frequency of peripheral IV access establishment by EMS in pediatric patients.
  • To identify factors influencing IV cannulation rates in pediatric pre-hospital care.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 6331 pediatric EMS dispatches (2020-2022).
  • Assessment of cannulation rates based on patient age, case characteristics, ICD-10 diagnosis, and transport requirements.
  • Logistic regression analysis to determine predictors of IV cannulation.

Main Results:

  • Peripheral IV access was achieved in 16.94% of pediatric patients.
  • Cannulation rates significantly increased with age (1.03% in infants to 75.12% in adolescents).
  • Age, trauma, poisoning, and Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) transfer were significant predictors of IV cannulation.

Conclusions:

  • The overall rate of pediatric peripheral IV access in pre-hospital settings is low, particularly in infants.
  • Evidence-based algorithms and targeted training are needed to improve vascular access management in critically ill children by EMS.

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