Clustering of overweight and obese young adults based on their nutritional patterns and psychological state

Overweight and obesity have been associated to metabolic and psychological diseases, even at young ages. Most studies have analysed separately the physical and mental correlates of high BMI and global approaches are required for detailed comprehensive descriptions of the diverse endophenotypes. This study aimed to identify empirical clusters among overweight and obese young adults based on their nutritional patterns and mental well-being (depression, anxiety and stress levels).

The sample comprised N = 188 university students. Two-Step cluster explored the existence of empirical groups based on dietary intake, psychological and cardiometabolic state, and gender.

The 4-cluster model was selected as the optimal solution. Men and women were separately distributed within the clusters. Cluster 2 obtained the highest mean in carbohydrates eating, while cluster 1 achieved the highest mean in fats and sodium ingesting. The worse psychopathological state was associated to cluster 4, nearly followed by cluster 2. The highest BMI and metabolic risks were associated to clusters 2 and 4 (also the highest proportion of metabolically unhealthy obese individuals).

Evidence-based and cost-effective public health programs aimed at preventing obesity should promote healthy eating patterns, as well as mental well-being and resilience.