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Human reconstruction using 3D Gaussian Splatting: a brief survey.

Dong-Lin Chen1,2, Mohd Shafry Mohd Rahim1,3, Hiew Moi Sim1

  • 1Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.

Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence
|December 8, 2025
PubMed
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This summary is machine-generated.

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Recent advances in 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) enable high-fidelity, animatable 3D human avatar reconstruction. This review explores 3DGS methods for virtual reality and digital content creation, organized by input type.

Area of Science:

  • Computer Vision
  • Computer Graphics
  • 3D Reconstruction

Background:

  • Traditional 3D human avatar reconstruction methods face challenges with computational cost, inference speed, and visual fidelity.
  • Immersive applications like virtual reality (VR) and digital content creation demand high-quality, animatable 3D human representations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in reconstructing high-fidelity and animatable 3D human avatars using 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS).
  • To organize and discuss 3DGS-based reconstruction methods based on input data type (single-view vs. multi-view).

Main Methods:

  • Leveraging parametric human models for canonical representation.
  • Deforming 3D Gaussians using learnable skinning and novel regularization techniques.
  • Employing hybrid Gaussian-mesh representations and specialized modules for complex geometry, clothing, occlusions, and fine details.
Keywords:
3D Gaussian SplattingSMPLanimatable avatarhuman reconstructionhuman template

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Main Results:

  • 3DGS enables rapid training and real-time rendering (up to 361 FPS) for 3D human avatars.
  • Advances include improved motion generalization, handling of complex clothing, efficient compression, and occlusion management.
  • Methods are categorized by single-view and multi-view reconstruction approaches.

Conclusions:

  • 3DGS offers a significant improvement over traditional methods for 3D human avatar reconstruction.
  • Future research directions include further enhancements in handling complex scenarios and optimizing performance.
  • The reviewed techniques are crucial for advancing immersive technologies and digital content creation.