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Related Concept Videos

Strategies of Self-Presentation III: Self-Monitoring01:24

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Self-monitoring is a central construct in understanding individual differences in self-presentation strategies across social contexts. It refers to how individuals observe, regulate, and control their expressive behavior and self-presentation following situational cues. Self-monitoring reflects a person's sensitivity to social appropriateness and willingness to adapt behavior to fit varying interpersonal demands.High vs. Low Self-Monitoring IndividualsIndividuals high in self-monitoring are...
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People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
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Introspection01:29

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Introspection, long upheld as a reliable route to self-knowledge, involves examining one's thoughts, emotions, and mental processes. It underpins many psychological practices, from mindfulness meditation to psychotherapy and self-help strategies. However, empirical evidence challenges the accuracy of introspection as a means of understanding oneself.Limitations of Introspective InsightSeminal work by Nisbett and Wilson demonstrated that individuals are frequently unaware of the true causes...
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Strategies of Self-Presentation II: Self-Verification01:17

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Self-verification is a fundamental psychological drive wherein individuals seek affirmation of their self-concept from others, striving for consistency between their internal self-view and external perceptions. This drive operates even when the self-concept is negative, influencing interpersonal behavior and feedback preferences in complex and often counterintuitive ways. Unlike the self-enhancement motive, which seeks positive evaluations, self-verification prioritizes coherence and...
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Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model01:29

Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model

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The Self-Evaluation Maintenance (SEM) model offers a psychological framework to understand how individuals’ self-esteem is influenced by the achievements of others, particularly those with whom they share close personal bonds. The SEM model operates when personal rather than social identity guides individuals. Central to this model is the notion that individuals have an inherent desire to preserve a favorable self-image, which is continuously shaped by interpersonal comparisons and...
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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
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Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
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Exploring Expert Perspectives on Self-Monitoring Feedback Personalization, Content, Modality and Frequency: A Delphi

Rebecca A Krukowski1, Katherine Paulikonis1, Theresa Markwalter1

  • 1Department of Public Health Sciences University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA.

Obesity Science & Practice
|December 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Experts recommend personalized self-monitoring feedback for weight management, prioritizing problem-solving and goal-setting. Practicality and cost remain key barriers to implementation in behavioral programs.

Keywords:
Delphi methodologyfeedbackself‐monitoringweight loss

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Science
  • Health Psychology
  • Obesity Research

Background:

  • Behavioral weight management programs often provide weekly self-monitoring feedback.
  • Empirical evidence on optimal feedback construction is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To gather expert consensus on optimal feedback characteristics for behavioral weight management.
  • To identify key components and delivery methods for effective self-monitoring feedback.

Main Methods:

  • Delphi method involving 67 experts.
  • Directed content analysis for qualitative data.
  • Descriptive statistics for quantitative data.

Main Results:

  • Experts prioritized problem-solving, goal-setting, and goal attainment in feedback.
  • Modality preferences varied, with participant preference and practicality being crucial.
  • The "sandwich" approach was favored for participants facing challenges.
  • Personalized feedback is highly valued but faces barriers like time and cost.

Conclusions:

  • Personalized self-monitoring feedback is crucial for weight management programs.
  • Addressing time and cost barriers is essential for effective feedback implementation.
  • Further experimental studies are needed to validate expert recommendations.