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Related Concept Videos

Synteny and Evolution02:31

Synteny and Evolution

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John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
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Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
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Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
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Related Experiment Video

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Visualization of Cortical Modules in Flattened Mammalian Cortices
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Cross-Species Cortical Geometry Reveals Conserved Gradients Across Primates and Human-Specific Expansion.

Yifan Wei1, Yufan Wang2,3, Tingwei Wei1

  • 1School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|December 8, 2025
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Primate brain evolution shows conserved cortical geometry but divergent association areas. Human cortical geometry links to gene activity, revealing insights into brain development and evolution.

Keywords:
Cortical expansionCortical geometryCross-species alignmentNeuroimaging-transcriptional associationStructural connectivity similarity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Comparative Anatomy
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • The primate cerebral cortex's complex geometry supports advanced cognition, distinguishing primates.
  • Cross-species cortical geometry patterns and their link to human transcriptional architecture are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cross-species similarities and differences in primate cortical geometry, structural connectivity, and expansion.
  • To explore the transcriptional underpinnings of human cortical geometry.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a geometry-based cross-species cortical alignment framework.
  • Analyzed structural connectivity and cortical expansion in macaques, chimpanzees, and humans.
  • Performed neuroimage-transcription analysis on human cortical geometry.

Main Results:

  • Identified conserved spatial patterns of cortical geometric features across species.
  • Found high structural connectivity similarity in sensory/somatomotor regions, but divergence in association cortices.
  • Observed disproportionate cortical expansion in the default mode network and correlations between geometry and neurodevelopmental/connectivity genes.

Conclusions:

  • The primate cerebral cortex exhibits a conserved yet hierarchically differentiated organization.
  • These findings offer new insights into the biological basis of human brain evolution and its genetic architecture.