Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Concentration Versus Time Correlation01:15

Drug Concentration Versus Time Correlation

1.9K
The plasma drug concentration-time curve is a crucial tool in pharmacokinetics, representing the drug's concentration in plasma at different time intervals post-administration. This curve illustrates the drug's journey from absorption into the systemic circulation, distribution to body tissues, and eventual elimination through excretion or biotransformation.
Two pivotal parameters are the minimum effective concentration (MEC) and the minimum toxic concentration (MTC). The MEC is the...
1.9K
Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Stability-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:22

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Stability-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

167
Generic intravenous (IV) drugs are considered bioequivalent to their branded counterparts due to their 100% bioavailability upon administration. However, variations in stability among different drug products can significantly influence their therapeutic performance, even if they are pharmaceutically equivalent.Cefuroxime, a prophylactic antimicrobial, is often used as a single-dose IV injection for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. A 3 g dose typically provides...
167
Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Secretion01:15

Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Secretion

3.2K
Once the process of glomerular filtration is completed, blood carrying unfiltered drug molecules traverses through efferent arterioles and makes its way into the peritubular capillaries in the proximal tubule. A variety of carriers play a pivotal role in actively secreting drugs from these peritubular capillaries into the tubular fluid. The organic anion transporter transfers acidic drugs, against an electrochemical gradient, from the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubule cells and...
3.2K
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Dependence of Elimination Half-Life and Dose Clearance01:23

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Dependence of Elimination Half-Life and Dose Clearance

609
The elimination half-life and drug clearance of drugs following nonlinear kinetics can vary with dosage. The Michaelis-Menten parameters and drug concentration influence these factors. As the dose increases, the elimination half-life tends to lengthen, resulting in a reduction in clearance and a disproportionately larger area under the curve. The total clearance can be derived from the Michaelis-Menten equation for drugs following a one-compartment model.
A study on guinea pigs examined the...
609
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

231
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
231
Drug Metabolism: Phase II Reactions01:14

Drug Metabolism: Phase II Reactions

4.8K
Phase II reactions are essential for the detoxification and elimination of drugs from the body. These reactions involve the conjugation of parent drugs or their phase I metabolites with endogenous molecules, resulting in more hydrophilic drug conjugates. The primary conjugation reactions in this phase are sulfation and glucuronidation. Both sulfation and glucuronidation typically produce biologically inactive metabolites. However, in some cases involving prodrugs, active metabolites may be...
4.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Steroid avoidance or withdrawal for kidney transplant recipients.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews·2026
Same author

Normothermic regional perfusion in kidney transplants with donors after controlled circulatory death: Functional benefits and safety in older recipients.

American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons·2026
Same author

Erratum to "Colony stimulating factor-1 receptor drives glomerular parietal epithelial cell activation in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis." Kidney International 2024;106:67-84.

Kidney international·2026
Same author

Beyond glomeruli: interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy predict poor renal outcomes in lupus nephritis.

Arthritis research & therapy·2026
Same author

Living Kidney Donation: An Update.

Nephron·2026
Same author

Urinary Chemokines in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Nephritis.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Quantification of the Immunosuppressant Tacrolimus on Dried Blood Spots Using LC-MS/MS
08:38

Quantification of the Immunosuppressant Tacrolimus on Dried Blood Spots Using LC-MS/MS

Published on: November 8, 2015

17.4K

Tacrolimus Conversion in CYP3A5*1 Expressers: From Immediate-Release to LCP Formulation.

Anna Vidal-Alabró1, Pere Fontova1,2, Zeyar Mohammed Ali1,3

  • 1Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
|December 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

CYP3A5 genetic variations impact tacrolimus (immunosuppressant) levels after switching formulations. Tacrolimus dose adjustments for kidney transplant patients should consider CYP3A5 genotype for optimal exposure control.

Keywords:
conversionkidney transplantationpharmacogeneticspharmacokineticstacrolimus

More Related Videos

Evaluation of Drug Sorption to PVC- and Non-PVC-based Tubes in Administration Sets Using a Pump
06:08

Evaluation of Drug Sorption to PVC- and Non-PVC-based Tubes in Administration Sets Using a Pump

Published on: March 11, 2017

11.0K
Optimized LC-MS/MS Method for the High-throughput Analysis of Clinical Samples of Ivacaftor, Its Major Metabolites, and Lumacaftor in Biological Fluids of Cystic Fibrosis Patients
06:14

Optimized LC-MS/MS Method for the High-throughput Analysis of Clinical Samples of Ivacaftor, Its Major Metabolites, and Lumacaftor in Biological Fluids of Cystic Fibrosis Patients

Published on: October 15, 2017

8.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Quantification of the Immunosuppressant Tacrolimus on Dried Blood Spots Using LC-MS/MS
08:38

Quantification of the Immunosuppressant Tacrolimus on Dried Blood Spots Using LC-MS/MS

Published on: November 8, 2015

17.4K
Evaluation of Drug Sorption to PVC- and Non-PVC-based Tubes in Administration Sets Using a Pump
06:08

Evaluation of Drug Sorption to PVC- and Non-PVC-based Tubes in Administration Sets Using a Pump

Published on: March 11, 2017

11.0K
Optimized LC-MS/MS Method for the High-throughput Analysis of Clinical Samples of Ivacaftor, Its Major Metabolites, and Lumacaftor in Biological Fluids of Cystic Fibrosis Patients
06:14

Optimized LC-MS/MS Method for the High-throughput Analysis of Clinical Samples of Ivacaftor, Its Major Metabolites, and Lumacaftor in Biological Fluids of Cystic Fibrosis Patients

Published on: October 15, 2017

8.7K

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacogenomics
  • Transplant medicine
  • Drug metabolism

Background:

  • Tacrolimus is a vital immunosuppressant for organ transplant recipients.
  • Different tacrolimus formulations exhibit varied pharmacokinetic profiles.
  • CYP3A5 genetic polymorphisms influence drug absorption and elimination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of CYP3A5 polymorphisms on tacrolimus exposure.
  • To evaluate tacrolimus pharmacokinetics after switching from immediate-release (Tac-IR) to prolonged-release (Tac-LCP) formulations.
  • To determine if CYP3A5 genotype influences dose requirements and exposure variability during formulation conversion in kidney transplant recipients.

Main Methods:

  • Intensive pharmacokinetic sampling in 19 kidney transplant recipients before and after switching tacrolimus formulations.
  • Genotyping for CYP3A5 polymorphisms.
  • Comparison of tacrolimus exposure parameters (C0, Cmax, AUC0-24h) between CYP3A5 expressers and non-expressers.

Main Results:

  • CYP3A5*1 expressers required higher Tac-IR doses for comparable exposure.
  • Post-conversion to Tac-LCP, CYP3A5*1 expressers showed similar C0 but higher Cmax and AUC0-24h compared to non-expressers.
  • Dose-normalized exposure revealed a lower conversion rate in CYP3A5*1 expressers.

Conclusions:

  • CYP3A5 genotype is crucial for guiding tacrolimus dose adjustments during Tac-IR to Tac-LCP conversion.
  • Predose concentration (C0) may underestimate exposure in CYP3A5*1 expressers.
  • Area-under-the-curve (AUC0-24h) is a more reliable indicator for dose adjustments in these patients.