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Soft x-ray ptychography with SOPHIE: Guide and instrumentation.

Tim A Butcher^1,2, Simone Finizio¹, Lars Heller¹

¹Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|December 8, 2025

Summary

Soft x-ray ptychography, a powerful microscopy technique, offers high resolution and contrast. The SOPHIE endstation at SLS enables advanced experiments with sub-10 nm resolution, benefiting diverse scientific fields.

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Area of Science:

Condensed matter physics
Chemistry
Environmental and life sciences
Synchrotron microscopy

Background:

Soft x-ray ptychography combines high spatial resolution with strong contrast mechanisms.
This technique is increasingly vital across multiple scientific disciplines.
Existing capabilities are being enhanced by specialized endstations.

Purpose of the Study:

Introduce soft x-ray ptychography using the SOPHIE endstation.
Detail the instrumentation of the SOPHIE endstation at the Swiss Light Source (SLS).
Demonstrate the imaging capabilities of SOPHIE for prospective users.

Main Methods:

Utilizing soft x-ray ptychography.
Employing the SOft X-ray Ptychography Highly Integrated Endstation (SOPHIE).
Operating at the Swiss Light Source (SLS).

Main Results:

Achieved sub-10 nm spatial resolution.
Demonstrated high chemical and ferroic sensitivities.
Provided an example of imaging capabilities at 706 eV photon energy.

Conclusions:

SOPHIE is a key endstation for advanced soft x-ray ptychography.
The endstation supports high-resolution imaging with chemical and ferroic sensitivity.
SOPHIE facilitates research across physics, chemistry, and life sciences.