Trends in TB scores and efficiency of molecular diagnostic methods across key districts of Madhya Pradesh

Tuberculosis (TB) poses a significant public health challenge in India, contributing substantially to the global burden.

This study examines trends in TB scores and diagnostic efficiency, measured by the number needed to test (NNT), in three key districts of Madhya Pradesh-Tikamgarh, Datia, and Niwari-over five years (2018-2022).

A retrospective analysis was conducted using TB notification data from the National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP) across the selected districts. TB scores, encompassing case notifications and treatment outcomes, were compared alongside the NNT for diagnostic methods, including Sputum Microscopy, TrueNAT, and CBNAAT. Statistical analyses evaluated trends and differences in diagnostic efficiency.

The analysis revealed significant variations in TB scores and NNT across the districts. Tikamgarh's TB scores increased from 50.67 in 2018 to 81.98 in 2022, indicating improved case notifications and treatment outcomes. Datia's scores fluctuated, peaking at 79.32 in 2022, while Niwari consistently grew, reaching 77.64. The NNT for Sputum Microscopy in Tikamgarh decreased from 12.04 to 8.52, and TrueNAT/CBNAAT showed a reduction from 49.69 to 24.52. In Datia, Sputum Microscopy NNT declined from 14.42 to 6.33, while TrueNAT/CBNAAT NNT varied, stabilizing at 10.3 in 2022. In Niwari, Sputum Microscopy NNT decreased from 7.76 to 10.65, and TrueNAT/CBNAAT improved from 3.08 to 7.14.

This study highlights the importance of understanding regional differences in TB epidemiology and diagnostic efficiency. Insights gained can inform local TB control strategies and optimize resource allocation, contributing to more effective TB management in Madhya Pradesh.