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Repeated exposure to an object makes its memory representations larger.

Ru Qi Yu1,2

  • 1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, School of Psychological and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China. rqyu@psy.ecnu.edu.cn.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|December 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Repeatedly seeing an object changes how we remember it, potentially improving our memory for how often we encountered it. These findings highlight the flexibility of object memory representations.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Memory Studies
  • Perceptual Learning

Background:

  • Repeated exposure to objects is ubiquitous in daily life and research.
  • Understanding how memory representations adapt to repeated stimuli is crucial for cognitive science.
  • The impact of exposure frequency on subsequent memory recall requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in object memory representations following repeated exposure.
  • To determine how these memory alterations influence frequency recall accuracy.
  • To explore the underlying mechanisms of memory representation flexibility.

Main Methods:

  • Participants recalled object sizes after repeated exposure in short-term memory tasks.
  • Experiments manipulated stimulus presentation (position, background) and response scales.
Keywords:
Frequency recallRepeated exposureSize representations

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  • Object sizes were manipulated to assess effects on frequency recall.

    • Main Results:

    • Recalled object sizes increased after repeated exposure.
    • This size increase effect was sensitive to presentation variations but persisted with altered response scales.
    • Consistent size increases correlated with enhanced frequency recall accuracy.
    • Gradual size increases during exposure improved subsequent frequency recall.

    Conclusions:

    • Memory representations of objects are flexible and adapt to repeated exposure.
    • These adaptive changes can enhance the accuracy of frequency memory.
    • Findings have significant implications for designing and interpreting behavioral experiments involving object memory.