Decellularized corneal-based 3D scaffolds: methods decellularization, characterization, mechanical properties, and...

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Regenerative Medicine
• Ophthalmology

Background:

• Corneal blindness is a major global health concern due to limited donor corneas.
• Decellularized corneal scaffolds, retaining native extracellular matrix (ECM), present a viable alternative for corneal repair.
• These scaffolds minimize immune rejection, offering a promising avenue for treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review decellularization strategies for corneal scaffolds.
• To evaluate the impact of various methods on ECM integrity, transparency, and mechanical properties.
• To explore recellularization approaches and advancements in composite biomaterials and 3D bioprinting for corneal regeneration.

Main Methods:

• Review of physical, chemical, and biological decellularization techniques.
• Exploration of diverse tissue sources including porcine, human, and SMILE-derived lenticules.
• Analysis of characterization methods (immunohistochemical, histological, mechanical, in vivo) and recellularization strategies.

Main Results:

• Decellularization methods impact ECM integrity, transparency, and mechanical strength.
• Source tissue selection (porcine, human, SMILE lenticules) is crucial for clinical suitability.
• Recellularization and advancements in biomaterials/3D bioprinting show enhanced regenerative potential.

Conclusions:

• Decellularized corneal scaffolds show significant promise in preclinical and clinical studies.
• Challenges remain in protocol optimization, scaling production, and host tissue integration.
• Further research is vital to optimize scaffold design and ensure long-term safety for transplantation.