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Updated: Jan 9, 2026
Orthotopic Transplantation of Breast Tumors as Preclinical Models for Breast Cancer
Published on: May 18, 2020
Prognostic Model Based on NAD+ Metabolism-Related Genes Predicts Breast Cancer Outcomes and Guides Immunotherapy
1Department of Tumor Radiotherapy, Four Provincial Border Central Hospital (Quzhou People's Hospital), Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China.
Background:
Breast cancer (BCa) is a common malignant tumor in women, and the prognostic value of NAD+ metabolism-related genes (NMRGs) in BCa remains to be clarified.
Methods:
Transcriptomic and clinical data from TCGA and GEO databases were analyzed to identify core NMRGs in BCa. A multigene prognostic risk model was constructed and validated through survival analysis and immune infiltration assessment. We collected BCa-related cell lines and investigated the expression level of the risk gene POU3F2.
Results:
Differential expression and unsupervised clustering analyses identified 14 NMRG-associated DEGs. The derived prognostic model effectively stratified BCa patients into distinct risk groups. The low-risk group showed elevated infiltration of anti-tumor immune cells (CD8+ T cells, NK cells, M1 macrophages), while the high-risk group was enriched with M2 macrophages. Higher immunophenoscore in low-risk patients indicated potential immunotherapy sensitivity. qRT-PCR results showed that the risk gene POU3F2 was significantly overexpressed in BCa cells.
Conclusion:
This study constructed and validated a reliable BCa prognosis model based on NMRGs. The model has a good ability for prognosis stratification, showing great potential to serve as an auxiliary tool for identifying patients who benefit from immunotherapy. These findings provide a new strategy for individualized immunotherapy of BCa.
