Steatocystomas: Update on Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Management

Steatocystomas are benign, sebum-filled cysts of the sebaceous follicle that typically manifest as firm nontender lesions of variable size and location. Steatocystomas may manifest as an isolated lesion (steatocystoma simplex [SS]), grouped lesions (steatocystoma multiplex [SM]), or suppurative variants (steatocystoma multiplex suppurativa [SMS]). Although generally asymptomatic, they occasionally can manifest with pruritus or pain and develop secondary infection or scarring, with specific subtypes such as SM and SMS displaying unique clinical features and complications. This comprehensive literature review presents an up-to-date overview of the etiology, presentation, and diagnostic modalities for this uncommon entity. It also provides insight into the history, epidemiology, and available management options for steatocystomas.