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Updated: Jan 9, 2026

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Eye movements when reading Arabic numbers in sentences.

Anne-Françoise de Chambrier1, Philippe Terrier2, Paolo Ruggeri3

  • 1Haute École Pédagogique du canton de Vaud, University of Teacher Education from state of Vaud, Av. de Cour 33, 1007, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Acta Psychologica
|December 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reading Arabic numbers involves complex cognitive processing, requiring more eye fixations and shorter saccades than words. Silent reading of non-rounded numbers leads to superficial processing and comprehension errors.

Keywords:
AdultsArabic numbersEye-trackingReading

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Reading Arabic numbers presents unique cognitive challenges compared to reading words.
  • Understanding the eye movement patterns during number reading is crucial for cognitive processing research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cognitive mechanisms underlying the reading of Arabic numbers.
  • To compare eye movement patterns when reading numbers versus words and pseudowords.
  • To explore the influence of oralization and number rounding on reading processes.

Main Methods:

  • Eye movements of 49 adults were recorded while they read aloud or silently.
  • Participants read Arabic numbers (rounded and non-rounded) and matched words/pseudowords embedded in texts.
  • A comprehension task assessed understanding of number magnitude.

Main Results:

  • Non-rounded numbers required more fixations, longer fixation durations, and shorter saccades than words.
  • Pseudowords and rounded numbers showed intermediate eye movement patterns.
  • Silent reading of non-rounded numbers resulted in superficial processing and more errors on magnitude-related questions.
  • Increased leftward saccades were observed during number reading, suggesting right-to-left scanning for value determination.

Conclusions:

  • Number reading, particularly non-rounded Arabic numerals, is cognitively demanding, involving step-by-step processing.
  • Oralization plays a role in the depth of processing for numbers.
  • Reading numbers involves a unique scanning strategy, including right-to-left saccades, to ascertain numerical value.