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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

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Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:27

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Changes in polymorphic forms can significantly influence the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Although the FDA defines pharmaceutical equivalence based on having the same active ingredient, dosage form, and route of administration, it does not automatically disqualify products with different polymorphic forms. This means two products with different polymorphs can still be deemed pharmaceutically equivalent. However, polymorphic differences can affect properties like wettability,...
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Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

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Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
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Pediatric orally disintegrating tablets: Overlook the future from multiple aspects.

Zixi Yin1, Xiao Lin1, Yanlong Hong2

  • 1School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cai-Lun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cai-Lun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, PR China.

European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics : Official Journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft Fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik E.V
|December 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) offer improved pediatric medication compliance. This review analyzes ODT manufacturing, quality control, and future applications for children, addressing drug shortages.

Keywords:
ExcipientManufactureOrally disintegrating tabletsPediatricQuality controls

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Technology
  • Pediatric Drug Delivery
  • Formulation Science

Background:

  • Orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) are increasingly popular due to ease of administration and rapid action.
  • Pediatric-specific medicines face global shortages and limited market scales, impacting treatment access.
  • ODTs present a significant opportunity to enhance medication compliance and broaden patient coverage in pediatric populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review manufacturing technologies, excipients, and quality control challenges specific to pediatric ODTs.
  • To explore the future development trends and potential applications of pediatric ODTs.
  • To provide a reference for the development of pediatric ODTs by analyzing unique pediatric patient aspects.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of existing literature on ODT manufacturing and pediatric considerations.
  • Review of quality control strategies and challenges in pediatric ODT development.
  • Prospective analysis of future trends, applications, and challenges based on Quality by Design (QbD) principles.

Main Results:

  • Pediatric ODTs require tailored manufacturing and quality control approaches due to unique patient factors.
  • Quality control optimization involves a continuous cycle across research, manufacturing, market, and clinical practice.
  • Future applications are anticipated in acute diseases, mental disorders, oral health, and pediatric respiratory conditions.

Conclusions:

  • ODTs hold substantial promise for improving pediatric medication adherence and addressing drug accessibility issues.
  • The Quality by Design (QbD) framework and personalized medicine trends will drive pediatric ODT quality optimization.
  • Further research and development in pediatric ODTs are crucial for expanding therapeutic options for children.