Cardiotoxicity in Contemporary Treatments: New Issues, Mechanisms, and Preventive Techniques

Worldwide, heart failure remains one of the leading causes of death and morbidity. Drug-induced cardiotoxicity is a significant adverse effect on cardiovascular health and may arise from various pathogenic mechanisms. Several therapeutic agents have been associated with cardiac injury due to their interactions with cardiac receptors and pathways. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for minimizing cardiovascular risks and improving patient safety.

This review systematically explores the diverse mechanisms of drug-induced cardiotoxicity by analyzing existing literature and clinical studies. It highlights the commonly implicated therapeutic agents, including lidocaine, trastuzumab, orciprenaline, azidothymidine, anthracyclines, fluoropyrimidines, NSAIDs, terodiline, digitalis, and antiviral drugs. The study also identifies major receptors involved in the pathogenic processes leading to cardiotoxicity. Furthermore, risk factors predisposing patients to cardiac damage and current strategies for early detection, monitoring, and prevention are critically reviewed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the topic.

A thorough understanding of drug-receptor interactions and cardiotoxic pathways is essential to reduce the incidence of drug-induced cardiac injury. Implementing multidisciplinary approaches can help minimize cardiovascular risks without compromising therapeutic efficacy. Continued research on cardioprotective interventions and early diagnostic strategies will enhance patient safety and ensure the long-term success of modern pharmacotherapy.