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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

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IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
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Assessment of blood pressure in brachial artery(two-step method)01:23

Assessment of blood pressure in brachial artery(two-step method)

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Measuring blood pressure is a fundamental skill in healthcare that aids in diagnosing and monitoring hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. An aneroid sphygmomanometer, commonly used in clinical settings, offers a manual and precise method for blood pressure measurement. The technique for using this instrument involves specific steps that must be carefully executed to ensure accuracy. The following detailed description outlines a two-step technique for assessing blood pressure using...
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Errors occurring during blood pressure monitoring01:25

Errors occurring during blood pressure monitoring

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Blood pressure monitoring is a crucial clinical procedure in diagnosing and managing various cardiovascular conditions. Despite its significance, the accuracy of blood pressure measurements can be compromised by multiple factors, potentially leading to either falsely high or low readings. These inaccuracies are critical as they can significantly impact patient care. So, it is vital to understand these challenges deeply and adopt strategic approaches to minimize errors.
Several factors...
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Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis01:26

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Thoracentesis(Thoracocentesis), commonly known as pleural tap, is a medical procedure where a 22 gauge needle is inserted into the pleural space, the area between the lung and chest wall. This procedure is commonly performed to diagnose or treat various respiratory disorders.
Description
Excess pleural fluid or air may accumulate in some respiratory disorders in the thoracic cavity. To treat pleural effusion, a physician conducts thoracentesis by carefully piercing the chest wall and entering...
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Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging01:19

Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging

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DefinitionRenal angiography, also known as renal arteriography, is an imaging technique used to obtain a comprehensive view of blood flow and the vascular structure of blood vessels in the kidneys and surrounding areas.PurposeRenal angiography detects blood vessel abnormalities in the kidneys, such as aneurysms, stenosis, thrombosis, vascular tumors, and renal artery stenosis. It evaluates kidney function and guides interventional treatments like angioplasty or stent placement.Pre-Procedure...
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Sites for measruring blood pressure01:21

Sites for measruring blood pressure

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Blood pressure measurement is a fundamental clinical procedure, providing crucial data for assessing cardiovascular health. Among the various sites for this measurement, the brachial and popliteal arteries are predominantly utilized due to their accessibility and the reliability of their readings. This lesson delves into the anatomical significance, methodology, and considerations of measuring blood pressure at these locations.
The Brachial Artery: Primary Site for Blood Pressure Measurement
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Author Spotlight: Improved Imaging for Neovascular Development in Congenital Heart Disease Research
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Author Spotlight: Improved Imaging for Neovascular Development in Congenital Heart Disease Research

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Renography: Methods and Pitfalls.

Adrien Michael Peters1

  • 1Department of Nuclear Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom SE5 9RS.

Seminars in Nuclear Medicine
|December 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Renography uses tracers like Tc-99m-MAG3 to assess kidney function and urinary drainage. Prolonged parenchymal transit time can indicate obstruction or tubular injury, guiding diagnosis and management.

Area of Science:

  • Nuclear medicine
  • Radiopharmacology
  • Renal physiology

Background:

  • Renography is a key diagnostic tool for evaluating kidney function and urinary tract obstruction.
  • Conventional tracers include Tc-99m-MAG3 and Tc-99m-DTPA, with other agents like Ga-68-EDTA and FDG also utilized.
  • Furosemide challenge is commonly employed to assess diuretic response and urinary drainage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the principles and applications of renography in clinical practice.
  • To discuss the interpretation of renogram phases, including perfusion, rising, and declining phases.
  • To highlight the significance of parenchymal transit time (PTT) in diagnosing renal obstruction and tubular injury.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of renogram phases (perfusion, rising, declining) to assess renal function.
Keywords:
Tc-99m-DTPATc-99m-MAG3renal transplantrenographyurinary obstruction

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  • Utilizing Patlak-Rutland graphical analysis for accurate split function measurement.
  • Employing deconvolution analysis to determine parenchymal transit time (PTT).

    • Main Results:

    • The third renogram phase is crucial for evaluating urinary drainage in hydronephrotic kidneys.
    • Prolonged PTT, a feature of obstruction, results from increased intratubular pressure and fluid reabsorption.
    • Tubular injury can also cause prolonged PTT due to altered water and solute reabsorption.

    Conclusions:

    • Renography provides valuable insights into renal perfusion, function, and urinary outflow.
    • Tc-99m-MAG3 secretion is influenced by multidrug resistance transporters, impacting its use with certain chemotherapeutics.
    • Ga-68-based agents show promise, particularly for renal transplant evaluation.