Correlation analysis between RAS gene mutations and pathological morphological features in colorectal cancer

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Molecular Biology
• Gastroenterology

Background:

• Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major global health concern.
• Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS) mutations are common in CRC and influence treatment decisions.
• Understanding the link between KRAS mutations and histopathological features is crucial for prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the association between KRAS mutations and histopathological characteristics in colorectal cancer.
• To evaluate the prognostic implications of KRAS mutations in CRC patients.
• To explore the relationship between KRAS mutation status and clinicopathological factors.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of 256 colorectal adenocarcinoma patients.
• Detection of Rat sarcoma (RAS) gene mutations (KRAS and NRAS) using the ADx-ARMS kit.
• Histopathological assessment of tumor differentiation, mucinous components, and tumor budding by experienced pathologists.
• Statistical analysis using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models.

Main Results:

• KRAS mutations were found in 52.7% of patients, with G12D, G13D, G12V, and G12C as predominant subtypes.
• KRAS mutations independently predicted right-sided colon tumors, high tumor budding, and mucinous components.
• Patients with KRAS mutations showed longer overall survival (OS) compared to wild-type KRAS.
• TNM stage IV, poor differentiation, and absence of primary tumor resection were independent adverse prognostic factors.

Conclusions:

• KRAS mutations are significantly associated with aggressive histopathological features in colorectal cancer, including tumor budding and mucinous differentiation.
• Histopathological evaluation, alongside KRAS mutation status, can aid in risk stratification for CRC patients.
• Prognostic assessment in clinical practice should integrate TNM staging and KRAS mutation status for improved patient management.