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Multi-material Ceramic-Based Components – Additive Manufacturing of Black-and-white Zirconia Components by Thermoplastic 3D-Printing (CerAM - T3DP)

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A Novel Zirconia Composition for Speed Sintering with Enhanced Properties.

M L Chin^1,2, Z Li¹, G G Madureira³

¹Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Journal of Dental Research

|December 9, 2025

Summary

A new zirconia composition (3.5YSZ) offers improved translucency and strength for same-day dental restorations when using high-speed sintering. This development enhances chairside workflows for dental professionals.

Keywords:

3.5Y-TZP Weibull analysis biaxial flexural strength high-speed sintering theory of reflection and refraction translucency parameter

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Published on: April 16, 2017

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Biomaterials Engineering
Dental Ceramics

Background:

Zirconia is a widely used ceramic in restorative dentistry, now available for same-day chairside treatments via high-speed sintering.
High-speed sintering compromises translucency in existing dental zirconia compositions (3YSZ, 5YSZ) and alters their translucency hierarchy.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if a 3.5YSZ composition offers a better balance of strength and translucency for high-speed sintering.
To evaluate the suitability of 3.5YSZ for efficient chairside dental workflows.

Main Methods:

3.5YSZ discs were prepared and subjected to an 18-minute high-speed sintering protocol.
Evaluated translucency parameters (TP, TP00), contrast ratio (CR), biaxial flexural strength, density, and microstructure.

Main Results:

High-speed sintered 3.5YSZ demonstrated significantly superior translucency (TP, CR) compared to existing YSZ materials.
The 3.5YSZ composition maintained the high strength characteristic of 3YSZ.
Density and microstructural analyses supported the observed properties.

Conclusions:

A 3.5YSZ composition is well-suited for high-speed sintering, providing an optimal combination of translucency and strength.
This material has significant clinical implications for same-day dental restorations.
Further research can optimize fabrication for enhanced chairside efficiency.