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Related Experiment Video

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Using a Virtual Reality Walking Simulator to Investigate Pedestrian Behavior
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Adolescent road safety: pedestrian behavior in ADHD and typically developing groups.

Elizabeth Doerr1, Andrea Baldassa2, Agnese Capodieci1

  • 1Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia, 8, 35131, Padua, Italy.

BMC Psychology
|December 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) exhibit more risky pedestrian behaviors, increasing their crash risk. Despite challenges, some positive road-crossing actions were observed, linked to inattentive traits.

Keywords:
ADHDAdolescentsCrossingPedestriansRoadVirtual scenarioWalking

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Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Pedestrian Safety
  • Adolescent Behavior

Background:

  • Pedestrian safety is crucial as adolescent independence increases.
  • Individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) face elevated crash risks.
  • Understanding ADHD's impact on pedestrian behavior is vital.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare road-crossing and sidewalk-walking behaviors in adolescents with and without ADHD.
  • To identify specific risky and positive behaviors associated with ADHD in virtual road environments.
  • To explore the link between parental observations of inattention and pedestrian behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Virtual road scenarios were used to simulate pedestrian environments.
  • Adolescents aged 11-16 with and without ADHD were compared.
  • Participants were paired based on gender and intelligence for robust comparison.

Main Results:

  • Adolescents with ADHD showed increased unintentional risky behaviors (e.g., wandering, looking away).
  • They also demonstrated positive behaviors like checking for traffic.
  • Parent-reported inattentive symptoms correlated with observed risky pedestrian actions.

Conclusions:

  • ADHD significantly increases pedestrian risk for adolescents in road environments.
  • Despite risks, adolescents with ADHD can exhibit protective behaviors.
  • Findings highlight the need for targeted interventions for at-risk adolescent pedestrians.