Progress of graphene devices for electrochemical biosensing in electrically excitable cells

Traumatic brain injury and other neurological disorders continue to affect many worldwide and demand further research. It has been shown that electrical signaling and ion channel flow and dynamics are disrupted over the course of a traumatic brain injury as well as over the course of other neurological disorders. However, typical devices used to measure ion flow and electrical signaling from the brain suffer from complexity, high expense, poor spacial and temporal resolution, and low signal to noise ratios. Graphene has emerged as an economical and simple alternative to sensing electrical and ionic signals in a variety of biological situations. This material has emerged as a power material due to its excellent strength, electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility. This review paper focuses on the advantages of the different graphene-based electronic devices and how these devices are being developed into biosensors capable of sensing neuronal ionic and electrical activity and activity from other electrically excitable cells.