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Influence of Diabetes Mellitus on Metabolic and Hormonal Interactions Promoting Aggressive Prostate Cancer
Afreen Khan1, Anu Chandra1, Preeti Agarwal2
1Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, IND.
Cureus
|December 10, 2025
Summary
Diabetes significantly influences prostate cancer aggressiveness. Elevated HbA1c, insulin, and IGF-1 in diabetic prostate cancer patients correlate with higher tumor grade and risk, indicating a role in aggressive cancer development.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Oncology
- Metabolic Syndrome
Background:
- Diabetes mellitus is implicated in prostate cancer (PC) development and progression.
- Mechanisms linking diabetes to PC outcomes remain unclear.
- Previous studies show debated influence of diabetes on PC outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the influence of diabetes mellitus on prostate cancer (PC) outcome and aggressiveness.
- To elucidate the association between diabetes, metabolic parameters, and PC characteristics.
Main Methods:
- Comparative analysis of 200 prostate adenocarcinoma patients (100 diabetic) and 100 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients.
- Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc test, Chi-square, correlation, and multiple linear regression.
- Evaluation of serum insulin, IGF-1, lipid profile, HbA1c, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in relation to tumor grade and risk.
Main Results:
- Prostate cancer patients with diabetes exhibited higher tumor grades and risk categories compared to non-diabetic patients.
- Elevated serum insulin and IGF-1 were observed in PC patients, particularly those with diabetes, correlating positively with Gleason score, grade, and high risk.
- Lipid profile and HbA1c showed significant associations with PC Gleason score and grade.
Conclusions:
- Diabetes mellitus significantly impacts metabolic and hormonal profiles, including HbA1c, insulin, and IGF-1.
- These altered parameters are positively associated with higher-grade, high-risk prostate cancer.
- Coincidental diabetes promotes the development and progression of aggressive prostate cancer.
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