Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 9, 2026
Real-Time Dynamic Navigation System for the Precise Quad-Zygomatic Implant Placement in a Patient with a Severely Atrophic Maxilla
Published on: October 18, 2021
The factors affecting the accuracy of autonomous dental implant robotic system-assisted implant surgery: A
Qinmeng Zhang1, Ling Hu1, Rui Pu1
1Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical, Hangzhou, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
Purpose:
To investigate the relevant factors affecting the accuracy of the autonomous dental implant robotic system (ADIR)-assisted implant surgery, providing the foundation for the clinical application of ADIR.
Materials And Methods:
This retrospective study involved 85 patients with 138 implants who underwent ADIR-assisted implant surgery between March 2022 and May 2024. Drilling plans and virtual preoperative implant placement were designed preoperatively. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used immediately after surgery to assess the linear and angular deviations in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) space between planned and actual implants. Generalized estimation equations (GEE) were applied to analyze the relevant factors affecting the accuracy of ADIR-assisted implant surgery.
Results:
The GEE showed a significant correlation between relevant factors (implant position and length) and the linear deviations at both the 2D platform and apex in ADIR-assisted implant surgery (p < 0.05). The platform and apex are more deviated linearly in the anterior region than in the posterior region. Compared to 8 mm implants, 12 and 16 mm implants exhibited larger linear deviation. Sex and age were relevant factors influencing implant 3D positional deviation. Females and patients over 40 years of age showed increased 3D linear deviation of the platform (p < 0.05), but there was no statistical difference in angular deviation. Implant shape, diameter, bone classification, side of arch, guided bone regeneration (GBR), and flap procedure had statistically nonsignificant effects on ADIR-assisted implant surgical accuracy.
Conclusions:
The relevant factors (implant length, implant position, age, and sex of the patient) may affect the accuracy of ADIR-assisted implant surgery. This study is of clinical interest and helps surgeons make clinical decisions to improve the precision of implant surgery.
