Fractal-shaped droplet microfluidics for highly scalable cell mechanoporation

Emerging non-viral gene delivery platforms provide alternatives to viral methods. However, they remain limited in scalability and efficiency for clinical translation. We present a fractal-shaped droplet microfluidic system that achieves approximately 98% efficiency and 80% viability at throughputs exceeding 10⁷ cells per min, enabling efficient, large-scale, and clinically relevant cell engineering.