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Neural correlation between swallowing motor imagery and execution: an EEG analysis.

Xiang Qiu1,2, Zhi-Yong Wang1,2, Xiao-Hong Jiang3,4

  • 1Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.

Journal of Neural Engineering
|December 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Swallowing motor imagery (MI) shows similar brain activation patterns to actual swallowing, particularly in central and parietal regions. This supports using MI-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) for dysphagia rehabilitation.

Keywords:
EEG analysisbrain–computer interfaceneural correlationswallowing motor executionswallowing motor imagery

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Rehabilitation Engineering
  • Clinical Neurophysiology

Background:

  • The physiological basis for using swallowing motor imagery (MI) in brain-computer interface (BCI) paradigms for rehabilitation is not well understood.
  • Clarifying the relationship between swallowing execution and MI is crucial for optimizing BCI applications for patients with dysphagia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural dynamics and physiological similarities between swallowing motor imagery and actual swallowing execution.
  • To provide a stronger physiological foundation for the use of swallowing MI-based BCIs in dysphagia rehabilitation.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty healthy participants underwent electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) recordings during swallowing MI and saliva swallowing tasks.
  • Analysis included EMG-based onset detection, EEG time-frequency analysis, functional connectivity, and sample entropy (SampEn) to explore neural dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Both swallowing MI and execution demonstrated event-related desynchronization (ERD) in central and parietal regions, with a weak but significant correlation.
  • ERD during MI resembled the pharyngeal stage of swallowing more closely than other stages.
  • Functional connectivity showed greater central region activation during MI, while motor execution exhibited higher signal complexity (SampEn).

Conclusions:

  • Swallowing imagery and execution share significant neural activation similarities, particularly in central and parietal brain regions.
  • These findings support the use of swallowing imagery paradigms within these regions for BCI-based rehabilitation strategies.
  • Further research is needed to refine BCI applications for swallowing disorders based on these insights.