Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Adjunctive Diode Laser Therapy and Probiotic Lactobacillus Therapy in the Treatment of Periodontitis and Peri-Implant Disease
Published on: May 9, 2022
Treating periodontal disease: from antimicrobials to immunomodulation
Julie A Kobyra1, Mostafa Shehabeldin2, Steven R Little3
1Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
None:
Dysregulated host immune responses are characteristic of a variety of inflammatory-mediated diseases. As such, novel immune-modulating therapies have been developed for the treatment of these inflammatory conditions. One condition that has seen a paradigm shift in therapeutic strategies is periodontal disease (PD), a common oral inflammatory condition. While initiated by bacteria, a dysregulated host immune response drives the disease. In this review, we discuss key innate and adaptive immune cells that have a role in PD progression, as well as different ways to target them. We highlight therapies that target dysregulated inflammatory pathways and their success in clinical trials. Lastly, we discuss the next steps for the clinical translation and subsequent adoption of these novel immunomodulatory treatments.
Related Concept Videos
Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management
Pharmacologic...
Endocarditis III: Medical Management
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents
Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics
Teeth
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...

