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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
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Related Experiment Video

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Do Patient-Important Outcomes Differ by Care Setting? Findings from Semi-Structured Interviews with Individuals with

Amy T Cunningham1, Alexzandra T Gentsch2, Pouya Arefi3

  • 1Department of Family and Community Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 11, 2025
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Summary

Patient priorities for diabetes care, or patient-important outcomes (PIOs), were similar across primary care, emergency departments, and post-hospital settings. This suggests focusing on a few settings may capture most patient concerns.

Keywords:
diabetespatient priorities qualitative researchpatient-reported outcomes

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Area of Science:

  • Patient-centered care
  • Diabetes management
  • Health outcomes research

Background:

  • Patient-important outcomes (PIOs) are crucial for understanding patient values in diabetes care.
  • Previous research has identified various PIOs for diabetes, but differences across care settings remain unexplored.
  • This study addresses the gap by comparing PIOs in primary care, emergency departments, and post-hospital discharge settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the frequencies of patient-important outcomes (PIOs) identified by patients with diabetes across three distinct care settings: primary care (PC), emergency department (ED), and post-hospital discharge (PHD).
  • To determine if diabetes care setting influences the patient-derived outcomes prioritized by individuals with diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 89 interviews with patients experiencing moderately to poorly controlled diabetes.
  • Participants were recruited from primary care, emergency department, or post-hospital discharge settings.
  • Matrix analysis was employed to compare the frequency distribution of PIOs across the three care settings.

Main Results:

  • Overall frequencies of patient-important outcomes (PIOs) were comparable across primary care, emergency department, and post-hospital discharge settings.
  • All seven identified PIO domains and 21 out of 26 specific PIOs were present in each care setting.
  • The most frequently reported PIOs included "be healthy," "eat right," and "reduce or get off medicines."

Conclusions:

  • Patients with diabetes identify similar patient-important outcomes regardless of the care setting (primary care, emergency department, or post-hospital discharge).
  • Recruiting patients from one or two care settings may be sufficient to achieve saturation of PIOs in diabetes research.
  • Findings enhance understanding of patient priorities throughout the diabetes care continuum, informing patient-centered care strategies.