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Related Concept Videos

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
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The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

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Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
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Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
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From Pathways to Patients in Atopic Dermatitis: Advanced Systemic Therapies.

Alvaro Prados-Carmona1,2,3, Husein Husein-ElAhmed2,4, Francisco José Navarro-Triviño2,5,6

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|December 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Atopic dermatitis management is evolving beyond traditional treatments. Advanced systemic therapies, including monoclonal antibodies and JAK inhibitors, offer personalized strategies for this chronic inflammatory skin disease.

Keywords:
atopic dermatitisimmunologypathophysiologyreviewsystemic treatment

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Atopic dermatitis is a prevalent chronic inflammatory skin disease with a substantial burden.
  • Current management traditionally relies on topical agents and broad immunosuppressants.
  • Recent advancements necessitate an updated understanding of treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolving treatment landscape of atopic dermatitis.
  • To explore the transition towards personalized treatment strategies using advanced systemic therapies.
  • To provide clinicians with practical guidance on managing atopic dermatitis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on publications from 2015 onwards.
  • Analysis of current and experimental systemic therapies for atopic dermatitis.
  • Exploration of key cytokines, receptors, and signaling pathways in type 2 inflammation.

Main Results:

  • The treatment paradigm has shifted towards targeted systemic therapies.
  • Approved agents include monoclonal antibodies and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors.
  • Numerous experimental agents are under clinical investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Personalized treatment strategies are becoming central to atopic dermatitis management.
  • Understanding immunopathogenesis guides the selection of advanced systemic therapies.
  • This review synthesizes current knowledge to improve patient outcomes in atopic dermatitis.