Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 16, 2026
10:31
Lymphocyte Isolation from Human Skin for Phenotypic Analysis and Ex Vivo Cell Culture
Published on: April 8, 2016
Treatment-associated phenotype switching between psoriasis and atopic dermatitis
Tiago Torres1,2, Mario Valenti3,4, Anna Balato5
1Department of Dermatology, Centro Académico Clínico ICBAS/Santo António, Porto, Portugal.
Summary
Psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD) phenotype switching is a real-world phenomenon. Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors effectively manage these treatment-associated immune changes, improving patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology and immunology
- Inflammatory skin diseases
- Therapeutic outcomes
Background:
- Psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD) are distinct inflammatory skin conditions.
- Targeted therapies reveal a 'flip-flop' phenomenon: eczematous changes in psoriasis patients or psoriasiform disease in AD patients.
- Limited real-world data exists on this treatment-associated phenotype switch.
Purpose of the Study:
- Characterize treatment-associated phenotype switching between psoriasis and AD.
- Analyze clinical features, therapies, management, and outcomes in a large real-world cohort.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective, multicentre, multinational observational study.
- Included patients with psoriasis or AD experiencing a persistent phenotype switch linked to systemic or biologic therapy.
- Collected and analyzed demographic, clinical, therapeutic, and outcome data.
Main Results:
- 148 patients included: 101 (PsO→eczematous) and 47 (AD→psoriasiform).
- PsO→eczematous switches linked to IL-17/IL-23 inhibitors; AD→psoriasiform switches linked to type 2 biologics (e.g., dupilumab).
- Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors were the most common management strategy for both switch types, leading to marked clinical improvement.
Conclusions:
- Treatment-associated phenotype switching is a reproducible, bidirectional phenomenon reflecting immune plasticity.
- Recognizing this switch is crucial for appropriate therapeutic adaptation.
- JAK inhibitors show promise as an effective management option for these switches.
Related Concept Videos
01:24T Cell Types and Functions
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
01:33Pleiotropy
Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
01:30Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions
Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
01:23Skin Diseases and Disorders
Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
01:22iPS Cell Differentiation
The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
01:39Epistasis
In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...