Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Synthesis

Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Synthesis

Drugs affecting neurotransmitter synthesis can impact the adrenergic neuron and the synthesis of neurotransmitters. For example, α-methyltyrosine and carbidopa target specific enzymes involved in catecholamine synthesis. α-methyltyrosine inhibits the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, which converts tyrosine into dopamine. By blocking this enzyme, α-methyltyrosine reduces dopamine production and other catecholamines. Carbidopa, on the other hand, inhibits the enzyme dopa decarboxylase,...

Enzyme Inhibition

Enzyme Inhibition

Inhibitors are molecules that reduce enzyme activity by binding to the enzyme. In a normally functioning cell, enzymes are regulated by a variety of inhibitors. Drugs and other toxins can also inhibit enzymes. Some inhibitors bind to the enzyme’s active site, while others inhibit enzymatic activity by binding to other sites on the protein structure.

Drug Regulation

Drug Regulation

Drug regulation encompasses the management of drug usage by evaluating its safety and efficacy through assessments conducted by regulatory authorities. Regrettably, the history of drug regulation is marred by several catastrophic events. One such incident is the Elixir Sulfanilamide tragedy, in which the toxic compound diethyl glycol was included in a sweet-tasting medication, leading to numerous fatalities. This event prompted the enactment of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in 1938. Under...

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.

Targets for Drug Action: Overview

Targets for Drug Action: Overview

Drugs target macromolecules to modify ongoing cellular processes. Primary drug targets include receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes.
Receptors are either membrane-spanning or intracellular proteins, which upon binding a ligand, get activated and transmit the signal downstream to elicit a response. Drugs bind receptors, either mimicking the action of endogenous ligands or blocking the receptor activity to bring about a modified response. Nearly 35% of approved drugs target the G...

Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis

Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis

Tachyphylaxis is described as a rapid decrease in response to a drug after repeated or continuous administration of the same drug dose. It is a phenomenon where the body becomes less responsive to a particular substance or intervention over time, requiring higher doses or stronger interventions to achieve the same effect. It results from adaptive changes in the body's receptors, signaling pathways, or physiological processes that occur in response to prolonged exposure to a stimulus.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Epigenetic-Genetic Coupling and Understanding the Molecular and Cellular Basis of Lamarckian Inheritance.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026

Same author

Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 haplotypes and genomic sequences during 2020 in Victoria, Australia, in the context of putative deficits in innate immune deaminase anti-viral responses.

Scandinavian journal of immunology·2021

Same author

Regulatory T cells and co-evolution of allele-specific MHC recognition by the TCR.

Scandinavian journal of immunology·2019

Same author

Molecular model linking Th2 polarized M2 tumour-associated macrophages with deaminase-mediated cancer progression mutation signatures.

Scandinavian journal of immunology·2019

Same author

Germline V repertoires: Origin, maintenance, diversification.

Scandinavian journal of immunology·2018

Same journal

RETRACTED: Kim et al. The Angiogenesis Inhibitor ALS-L1023 from Lemon-Balm Leaves Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Through Regulating the Visceral Adipose-Tissue Function. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2017, <i>18</i>, 846.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026

Same journal

Correction: Mahmud et al. Thymoquinone Attenuates NF-κβ Signalling Activation in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells Under AMD-Mimicking Conditions. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2025, <i>26</i>, 11473.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026

Same journal

Correction: Borovikov et al. The Twisting and Untwisting of Actin and Tropomyosin Filaments Are Involved in the Molecular Mechanisms of Muscle Contraction, and Their Disruption Can Result in Muscle Disorders. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci</i>. 2025, <i>26</i>, 6705.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026

Same journal

Correction: Molagoda et al. Flavonoid Glycosides from <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> var. <i>inermis</i> (Bunge) Rehder Seeds Inhibit α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone-Mediated Melanogenesis. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2021, <i>22</i>, 7701.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026

Same journal

Correction: Guo et al. Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Molecular Regulatory Mechanism of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Maize Roots Under Lead Stress. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2024, <i>25</i>, 6050.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026

Same journal

Correction: Chang et al. Improvement of Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Hepatic Failure by Transplantation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Without Reprogramming Factor c-Myc. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2012, <i>13</i>, 3598-3617.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Cellular and Protein Engineering to Control Biological Functions and Develop Novel Therapies

Author Spotlight: Advancing Cellular and Protein Engineering to Control Biological Functions and Develop Novel Therapies

Published on: September 27, 2024

Deaminase Modulation Driving a New Era in Drug Development.

Robyn A Lindley^1,2

¹Department Clinical Pathology, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre (VCCC), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|December 11, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

New therapeutics are being developed to treat human diseases by modulating the activity of endogenous mutagenic deaminases, enzymes involved in inflammation pathways. Further research is needed to explore their full therapeutic potential and associated challenges.

Keywords:

ADAR adenosine deaminases AID cytosine deaminases APOBEC cytosine deaminases cancer chronic diseases drug development endogenous mutagenic deaminases functional modulation and immunotherapy immunity inflammation prognostication small molecule deaminase inhibitors

More Related Videos

LERLIC-MS/MS for In-depth Characterization and Quantification of Glutamine and Asparagine Deamidation in Shotgun Proteomics

LERLIC-MS/MS for In-depth Characterization and Quantification of Glutamine and Asparagine Deamidation in Shotgun Proteomics

Published on: April 9, 2017

Fluorescence-based Monitoring of PAD4 Activity via a Pro-fluorescence Substrate Analog

Fluorescence-based Monitoring of PAD4 Activity via a Pro-fluorescence Substrate Analog

Published on: November 5, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Cellular and Protein Engineering to Control Biological Functions and Develop Novel Therapies

Author Spotlight: Advancing Cellular and Protein Engineering to Control Biological Functions and Develop Novel Therapies

Published on: September 27, 2024

LERLIC-MS/MS for In-depth Characterization and Quantification of Glutamine and Asparagine Deamidation in Shotgun Proteomics

LERLIC-MS/MS for In-depth Characterization and Quantification of Glutamine and Asparagine Deamidation in Shotgun Proteomics

Published on: April 9, 2017

Fluorescence-based Monitoring of PAD4 Activity via a Pro-fluorescence Substrate Analog

Fluorescence-based Monitoring of PAD4 Activity via a Pro-fluorescence Substrate Analog

Published on: November 5, 2014

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Pharmacology

Background:

Endogenous mutagenic deaminases play complex roles in human diseases.
These enzymes are intrinsically linked to critical inflammation-related pathways.
Modulating deaminase activity is a focus for novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the therapeutic potential of modulating endogenous mutagenic deaminases.
To explore emerging deaminase-modulating agents and their clinical applications.
To identify challenges and opportunities in developing deaminase-targeted therapies.

Main Methods:

Review of current scientific literature on endogenous mutagenic deaminases.
Analysis of examples illustrating therapeutic modulation of deaminase activity.
Discussion of challenges and opportunities in the field.

Main Results:

Deaminase-modulating agents show promise for treating various human diseases.
Several deaminase-modulating agents are under investigation, with a few already approved.
The diverse family of deaminases presents significant therapeutic opportunities.

Conclusions:

Modulating endogenous mutagenic deaminases offers a promising avenue for therapeutic innovation in diseases linked to inflammation.
Further research is warranted to overcome challenges and fully realize the potential of these targets.
The development of deaminase-modulating agents represents a significant advancement in drug discovery.