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Germline V repertoires: Origin, maintenance, diversification.

E J Steele1,2, R A Lindley3,4

  • 1CYO'Connor ERADE Village Foundation, Perth, WA, Australia.

Scandinavian Journal of Immunology
|April 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel soma-to-germline process may explain how vertebrate immune system's limited antibody gene segments evolve. This reverse transcriptase mechanism addresses evolutionary challenges in maintaining and diversifying these essential V segments.

Keywords:
evolution germline V genesreverse transcriptasesoma-to-germline feedbacksomatic selection

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Molecular Genetics

Background:

  • Vertebrate germline immunoglobulin (Ig) V gene repertoires present an evolutionary enigma regarding their selectability.
  • Somatic diversification of Ig V genes scrambles the germline substrate, leading to a loss of specificities and making it un-selectable in the germline.
  • This incompatibility poses a significant challenge to evolutionary theory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a mechanism that resolves fundamental contradictions concerning the origin, maintenance, and adaptive diversification of vertebrate germline Ig V gene segments.
  • To address the enigma of selectability within the current evolutionary paradigm.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis and argumentation based on existing immunological and evolutionary principles.
  • Proposing a reverse transcriptase-based soma-to-germline (S->G) process as a potential resolution.

Main Results:

  • The proposed S->G process, targeting germline V segment arrays, offers a plausible explanation for the observed phenomena.
  • This mechanism helps resolve contradictions related to the origin and maintenance of limited V gene sets.
  • It provides a framework for understanding the real-time adaptive diversification of these V segments.

Conclusions:

  • A reverse transcriptase-mediated soma-to-germline transfer mechanism can account for the evolution and maintenance of vertebrate germline Ig V repertoires.
  • This model addresses the apparent incompatibility between somatic diversification and germline selectability.
  • It offers a significant step towards resolving long-standing questions in immunology and evolutionary biology.